FROM A CELL-FREE EXTRACT OF MERCURY-RESISTANT PSEUDOMONAS, AN ENZYME WAS OBTAINED WHICH CATALYZED REDUCTION OF MERCURY IN ... INORG MERCURIALS TO METALLIC MERCURY. A PROSTHETIC GROUP OF THE ENZYME WAS IDENTIFIED AS FAD (FLAVINE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE). /INORGANIC MERCURIALS/
Organic mercury is absorbed mainly by the gastrointestinal tract, then distributed throughout the body via the bloodstream. Organic mercury complexes with free cysteine and the cysteine and sulfhydryl groups on proteins such as haemoglobin. These complexes are able to mimic methionine and thus be transported throughout the body, including through the blood-brain barrier and placenta. Organic mercury is metabolized into inorganic mercury, which is eventually excreted in the urine and faeces. (T11)
High-affinity binding of the divalent mercuric ion to thiol or sulfhydryl groups of proteins is believed to be the major mechanism for the activity of mercury. Through alterations in intracellular thiol status, mercury can promote oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and changes in heme metabolism. Mercury is known to bind to microsomal and mitochondrial enzymes, resulting in cell injury and death. For example, mercury is known to inhibit aquaporins, halting water flow across the cell membrane. It also inhibits the protein LCK, which causes decreased T-cell signalling and immune system depression. Mercury is also believed to inhibit neuronal excitability by acting on the postsynaptic neuronal membrane. It also affects the nervous system by inhibiting protein kinase C and alkaline phosphatase, which impairs brain microvascular formation and function, as well as alters the blood-brain barrier. Organic mercury exerts developmental effects by binding to tubulin, preventing microtubule assembly and causing mitotic inhibition. Mercury also produces an autoimmune response, likely by modification of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules, self peptides, T-cell receptors, or cell-surface adhesion molecules. (L7, A8, A25, A26)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
致癌物分类
无致癌性迹象(未被国际癌症研究机构IARC列名)。
No indication of carcinogenicity (not listed by IARC). (L135)
Mercury mainly affects the nervous system. Exposure to high levels of metallic, inorganic, or organic mercury can permanently damage the brain, kidneys, and developing fetus. Effects on brain functioning may result in irritability, shyness, tremors, changes in vision or hearing, and memory problems. Acrodynia, a type of mercury poisoning in children, is characterized by pain and pink discoloration of the hands and feet. Mercury poisoning can also cause Hunter-Russell syndrome and Minamata disease. (L7)
Common symptoms include peripheral neuropathy (presenting as paresthesia or itching, burning or pain), skin discoloration (pink cheeks, fingertips and toes), edema (swelling), and desquamation (dead skin peels off in layers). (A5)
PHENYLMERCURIC CHLORIDE AT DOSAGE OF 10 MG HG/KG WAS ADMIN SC TO 7 WK OLD RATS. HIGHEST CONCN FOUND IN KIDNEY & RAPID DECR IN CONCN IN ORGANS OTHER THAN KIDNEY WAS OBSERVED. ACCUM OF MERCURY IN ORGANS & TISSUES WAS HIGHER & LONGER-LASTING WHEN ALKYL MERCURY ADMIN.
Phenylmercury absorbed through the skin from contaminated diapers affected urinary excretion in infants in Buenos Aires. The effects were reversible and quantitatively related to the concn of urinary Hg. Excretion of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, an enzyme in the brush-borders of renal tubular cells, increased in a dose-dependent manner when Hg excretion exceeded a threshold value. Urine volume also increased but at a higher threshold with respect to Hg. The results support the threshold concept of the systemic toxicity of metals. Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase is a useful and sensitive marker for preclinical effects of mercury. /Phenylmercury cmpd/
INORGANIC MERCURIAL SALTS AND ... PHENYL MERCURIC SALTS ARE SIMILAR IN MANY RESPECTS. ... A LARGER PORTION OF MERCURY IS ABSORBED AFTER ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF PHENYL MERCURIC SALTS. ... VIRTUALLY ALL ... MERCURY IN ... KIDNEYS IS PRESENT AS INORGANIC MERCURY FOLLOWING DOSES OF PHENYL MERCURY ... /PHENYL MERCURIC SALTS/
PHENYL MERCURY EVIDENTLY PENETRATES CELL MEMBRANES MORE EASILY THAN HG2+. ... ABOUT 90% OF PHENYL MERCURY IN BLOOD IS FOUND IN RED CELLS. HOWEVER NEITHER PHENYL MERCURY NOR METHOXYETHYL MERCURY IS TRANSFERRED THROUGH BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER OR PLACENTAL BARRIER TO LARGER EXTENT THAN HG2+. /PHENYL MERCURY/
1.周国泰,化学危险品安全技术全书,化学工业出版社,1997 2.国家环保局有毒化学品管理办公室、北京化工研究院合编,化学品毒性法规环境数据手册,中国环境科学出版社.1992 3.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety,CHEMINFO Database.1998 4.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, RTECS Database, 1989
Moderating the nucleophilicity of the sulfide ligands in the dinuclear {Pt2S2} metalloligand system using triphenylarsine
作者:Sunita Jeram、William Henderson、Brian K. Nicholson、T.S. Andy Hor
DOI:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2006.02.020
日期:2006.6
of [Pt2(μ-S)2(PPh3)4] and [Pt2(μ-S)2(AsPh3)4] with MeI gave the species [Pt2(μ-S)(μ-SMe)(AsPh3)4]+ and [Pt2(μ-SMe)2(PPh3)3I]+, indicating a reduced tendency for the sulfide of [Pt2(μ-S)(μ-SMe)(AsPh3)4]+ to undergo alkylation.The lability of the arsine ligands is confirmed by the reaction of an equimolar mixture of [Pt2(μ-S)2(PPh3)4] and [Pt2(μ-S)2(AsPh3)4] with n-butyl chloride, giving [Pt2(μ-S)(μ-SBu)(EPh3)4]+
Bis(alkynyl) Mercury(II) Complexes of Oligothiophenes and Bithiazoles
作者:Wai-Yeung Wong、Ka-Ho Choi、Guo-Liang Lu、Zhenyang Lin
DOI:10.1021/om020517e
日期:2002.10.1
A new class of binuclear mercury(II) bis(alkynyl) complexes containing oligothiophenes and bithiazoles as the central organic linkers are reported. The d10 mercury(II) complexes [R‘HgC⋮CRC⋮CHgR‘] (R = thiophene-2,5-diyl, [2,2‘]bithiophene-5,5‘-diyl, [2,2‘:5‘,2‘ ‘]terthiophene-5,5‘ ‘-diyl, 4,4‘-di(tert-butyl)-2,2‘-bithiazole-5,5‘-diyl, 4,4‘-di(p-methoxyphenylene)-2,2‘-bithiazole-5,5‘-diyl; R‘ = Me,
Activation of the Hg–C Bond of Methylmercury by [S<sub>2</sub>]-Donor Ligands
作者:Ramesh Karri、Mainak Banerjee、Ashish Chalana、Kunal Kumar Jha、Gouriprasanna Roy
DOI:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01048
日期:2017.10.16
We also show here that the nature of the final stable cleaved products, i.e. Hg(II) complexes, depends on the X group of RHgX and the [S2]-donor ligands. For instance, the reaction of BmmMe with MeHgCl (1:1 molar ratio) afforded the formation of the 16-membered metallacyclic dinuclear mercurycompound (BmmMe)2Hg2Cl4, in which the two Cl atoms are located inside the ring, whereas due to the large size
Organomercutation of the carbanion derived from [M(CO)4(Ph2PCH2PPh2)] (M Cr, Mo or W). Crystal and molecular structure of [Cr(CO)4∗[Ph2PCH(HgMe)PPh2∗]]
作者:Alan T. Hutton、Francois P. Wewers
DOI:10.1016/0022-328x(95)05431-n
日期:1995.5
The carbanions resulting from the deprotonation by nBuLi of compounds of the type [M(CO)4(Ph2PCH2PPh2)] (M Cr, Mo or W) are readily organomercurated by RHgCl [R e.g. Me, Et, Ph, or (C5H4)Fe(C5H5)] to give neutral complexes of the type [M(CO)4∗[Ph2PCH(HgR)PPh2∗]]. The X-ray crystal structure of the complex with M Cr and R Me has been determined, and reveals intermolecular C ··· O hydrogen bonding
(1) Organomercuric derivatives of barenes react with electrophilic reagents (e.g. hydrogen chloride, bromine, mercuric chloride), if at all only under very vigorous conditions.