In plants, metabolism occurs via hydroxylation of the N-methyl group & at the 3- & 4-methyl positions. All metabolites may be conjugated as glucosides.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
氨基甲酸酯通过肝脏酶促水解；降解产物通过肾脏和肝脏排出。
The carbamates are hydrolyzed enzymatically by the liver; degradation products are excreted by the kidneys and the liver. (L793)
2,3,5-Trimethylphenyl methylcarbamate is a cholinesterase or acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. Carbamates form unstable complexes with chlolinesterases by carbamoylation of the active sites of the enzymes. This inhibition is reversible. A cholinesterase inhibitor suppresses the action of acetylcholine esterase. Because of its essential function, chemicals that interfere with the action of acetylcholine esterase are potent neurotoxins, causing excessive salivation and eye-watering in low doses. Headache, salivation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea are often prominent at higher levels of exposure. Acetylcholine esterase breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is released at nerve and muscle junctions, in order to allow the muscle or organ to relax. The result of acetylcholine esterase inhibition is that acetylcholine builds up and continues to act so that any nerve impulses are continually transmitted and muscle contractions do not stop.
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
致癌物分类
对人类无致癌性（未列入国际癌症研究机构IARC清单）。
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Acute exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors can cause a cholinergic crisis characterized by severe nausea/vomiting, salivation, sweating, bradycardia, hypotension, collapse, and convulsions. Increasing muscle weakness is a possibility and may result in death if respiratory muscles are involved. Accumulation of ACh at motor nerves causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression at the neuromuscular junction. When this occurs symptoms such as muscle weakness, fatigue, muscle cramps, fasciculation, and paralysis can be seen. When there is an accumulation of ACh at autonomic ganglia this causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression in the sympathetic system. Symptoms associated with this are hypertension, and hypoglycemia. Overstimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system, due to accumulation of ACh, results in anxiety, headache, convulsions, ataxia, depression of respiration and circulation, tremor, general weakness, and potentially coma. When there is expression of muscarinic overstimulation due to excess acetylcholine at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors symptoms of visual disturbances, tightness in chest, wheezing due to bronchoconstriction, increased bronchial secretions, increased salivation, lacrimation, sweating, peristalsis, and urination can occur. Chronically high (>10 years) exposure leads to neuropsychological consequences including disturbances in perception and visuo-motor processing (A15321).
As with organophosphates, the signs and symptoms are based on excessive cholinergic stimulation. Unlike organophosphate poisoning, carbamate poisonings tend to be of shorter duration because the inhibition of nervous tissue acetylcholinesterase is reversible, and carbamates are more rapidly metabolized. Muscle weakness, dizziness, sweating and slight body discomfort are commonly reported early symptoms. Headache, salivation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea are often prominent at higher levels of exposure. Contraction of the pupils with blurred vision, incoordination, muscle twitching and slurred speech have been reported. (L795)
In mice given C14 labeled preparations of trimethylphenyl methylcarbamates by gavage, each isomer formed 15-20 metabolites. Hydrolytic & nonhydrolytic metabolic routes were about equally important. With carbonyl-labeled isomers, urinary metabolites included glucuronide or sulfate conjugates; 17-35% of the radioactivity was expired as /carbon dioxide/ & 42-45% was excreted in the urine within 48 hr of admin.
Method and apparatus for grafting plants with fast-curing adhesives
申请人：Henkel AG & Co. KGaA
公开号：EP2116126A1
公开（公告）日：2009-11-11
The following steps are carried out for the propagation of plants by grafting part of a first plant on at least part of a second plant:
preparing the part (20) of the first plant and the at least part (18) of the second plant by baring part of the tissue of the first and the second plant;
bringing into contact the bared parts (18, 20) of tissue of the first and second plant at an intersection;
applying a fast-curing adhesive (70) around the intersection onto the surface of the plants, the adhesive (70) being an adhesive which is curable by light; and
curing the adhesive (70) by irradiation of light.
Electronic ID database and detection method for pesticide compounds in edible Agro-products based on GC-Q-Orbitrap
申请人：CHINESE ACADEMY OF INSPECTION AND QUARANTINE
公开号：US11181512B2
公开（公告）日：2021-11-23
Disclosed is an electronic ID database and detection method for pesticide compounds in edible agro-products based on GC-Q-Orbitrap. The electronic ID database includes a collection of various pesticide compounds electronic ID information and is sorted according to retention time in the electronic ID. The electronic ID contains pesticide compounds information, retention time, mass spectrum, fragment ions information and intelligent matching value. The detection method includes sample pretreatment procedures, setting GC-Q-Orbitrap operating conditions and screening procedures for pesticide residues in samples, wherein setting GC-Q-Orbitrap operating conditions includes setting suitable chromatography and mass spectrometry conditions. In pesticide residue screening procedures, firstly, the retention time is used to find out pesticide compounds in electronic ID database. If there is a match, the corresponding electronic ID information is extracted. Then the intelligent matching value is compared, if it is less than threshold value, the result is recorded and displayed, and the screening is completed.
本发明公开了一种基于 GC-Q-Orbitrap 的食用农产品中农药化合物电子 ID 数据库和检测方法。电子标识数据库包括各种农药化合物电子标识信息的集合，并根据电子标识中的保留时间进行排序。电子 ID 包含农药化合物信息、保留时间、质谱、碎片离子信息和智能匹配值。检测方法包括样品前处理程序、GC-Q-Orbitrap 操作条件设置和样品中农药残留筛选程序，其中 GC-Q-Orbitrap 操作条件设置包括设置合适的色谱和质谱条件。在农药残留筛选程序中，首先利用保留时间在电子 ID 数据库中查找农药化合物。如果匹配，则提取相应的电子 ID 信息。然后比较智能匹配值，如果小于阈值，则记录并显示结果，完成筛选。
Methods and compositions for increasing the efficacy of biologically-active ingredients
申请人：Windsor Brian J.
公开号：US20060276339A1
公开（公告）日：2006-12-07
The invention provides methods and compositions for modulating the sensitivity of cells to cytotoxic compounds and other active agents. In accordance with the invention, compositions are provided comprising combinations of ectophosphatase inhibitors and active agents. Active agents include antibiotics, fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, chemotherapeutic agents, and plant growth regulators. By increasing the efficacy of active agents, the invention allows use of compositions with lowered concentrations of active ingredients.
METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF CONTAMINANTS IN A SAMPLE
申请人：K & D LABORATORIES, INC.
公开号：US20140116112A1
公开（公告）日：2014-05-01
Methods are provided for rapidly determining the presence or absence of large numbers of contaminants in a test sample, such as a raw material intended for use in the preparation of a nutraceutical. The disclosed methods employ gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques together with the specific use of software in combination with a database to analyze data collected after ionization of the sample and determine the presence or absence of the contaminants in the sample.
NOVEL PHOSPHOTRIESTERASE ENZYMES, METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS RELATED THERETO
申请人：Polytechnic Institute of New York University
公开号：US20160083702A1
公开（公告）日：2016-03-24
The instant invention provides methods and related compositions for identifying polypeptides with improved stability and/or enzymatic activity in comparison to native forms, wherein the identified polypeptides comprise one or more non-natural amino acids. In certain embodiments, the present invention relates to novel phosphotriesterase enzymes comprising one or more non-natural amino acids. In a particular embodiment, the instant invention provides novel phosphotriesterase enzymes with greater stability and/or enhanced activity in comparison to native forms of the enzyme. The present invention also relates to compositions comprising novel phophotriesterase enzymes, such as prophylactics, decontaminants, animal feedstocks, and assay kits.
