Design and Synthesis of Cathepsin-K-Activated Osteoadsorptive Fluorogenic Sentinel (OFS) Probes for Detecting Early Osteoclastic Bone Resorption in a Multiple Myeloma Mouse Model
作者:Eric T. Richard、Kenzo Morinaga、Yiying Zheng、Oskar Sundberg、Akishige Hokugo、Kimberly Hui、Yipin Zhou、Hodaka Sasaki、Boris A. Kashemirov、Ichiro Nishimura、Charles E. McKenna
DOI:10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00036
日期:2021.5.19
We describe the design and synthesis of OFS-1, an Osteoadsorptive Fluorogenic Sentinel imaging probe that is adsorbed by hydroxyapatite (HAp) and bone mineral surfaces, where it generates an external fluorescent signal in response to osteoclast-secreted cathepsin K (Ctsk). The probe consists of a bone-anchoring bisphosphonate moiety connected to a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) internally quenched fluorescent (IQF) dye pair, linked by a Ctsk peptide substrate, GHPGGPQG. Key structural features contributing to the effectiveness of OFS-1 were defined by structure–activity relationship (SAR) and modeling studies comparing OFS-1 with two cognates, OFS-2 and OFS-3. In solution or when preadsorbed on HAp, OFS-1 exhibited strong fluorescence when exposed to Ctsk (2.5–20 nM). Time-lapse photomicrographs obtained after seeding human osteoclasts onto HAp-coated well plates containing preadsorbed OFS-1 revealed bright fluorescence at the periphery of resorbing cells. OFS-1 administered systemically detected early osteolysis colocalized with orthotopic engraftment of RPMI-8226-Luc human multiple myeloma cells at a metastatic skeletal site in a humanized mouse model. OFS-1 is thus a promising new imaging tool for detecting abnormal bone resorption.
我们描述了 OFS-1 的设计和合成,OFS-1 是一种骨吸附荧光前哨成像探针,被羟基磷灰石 (HAp) 和骨矿物质表面吸附,产生外部荧光信号以响应破骨细胞分泌的组织蛋白酶 K (Ctsk)。该探针由骨锚定双膦酸盐部分组成,该部分连接到福斯特共振能量转移 (FRET) 内部猝灭荧光 (IQF) 染料对,并通过 Ctsk 肽底物 GHPGGPQG 连接。通过结构-活性关系 (SAR) 和比较 OFS-1 与两个同源物 OFS-2 和 OFS-3 的模型研究,定义了有助于 OFS-1 有效性的关键结构特征。在溶液中或预吸附在 HAp 上时,OFS-1 在暴露于 Ctsk (2.5–20 nM) 时表现出强烈的荧光。将人破骨细胞接种到含有预吸附 OFS-1 的 HAp 包被孔板上后获得的延时显微照片显示,再吸收细胞周围有明亮的荧光。在人源化小鼠模型中,施用 OFS-1 系统地检测到与 RPMI-8226-Luc 人类多发性骨髓瘤细胞原位移植在骨转移部位共定位的早期骨质溶解。因此,OFS-1 是一种有前途的新型成像工具,用于检测骨吸收异常。