Disulfide analogs of the alcohol sobriety medication disulfiram (Antabuse®) were evaluated for antimicrobial activity. Structure-activity relationship analyses of MIC data obtained for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and other pathogenic organisms revealed correlations between the lipophilicity and bulkiness of the substituents. Analogs conferring optimal anti-MRSA activity contained S-octyl disulfides and either N,N-dimethyl- or N-pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate substituents. Additional testing revealed that both disulfiram and its S-octyl derivative are capable of sensitizing S. aureus to the bactericidal effects of fosfomycin. Mechanistic studies established that the compounds decrease intracellular levels of the fosB cofactor bacillithiol through a thiol-disulfide exchange reaction. The increased fosfomycin susceptibility in S. aureus was thereby attributed to a depleted cellular bacillithiol pool available for inactivation by fosB.
酒精戒断药物二
硫仑(Antabuse®)的二
硫化物类似物被评估其抗微
生物活性。对耐
甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)和其他致病
生物的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)数据进行的结构活性关系分析显示,取代基的亲脂性和体积之间存在相关性。具有最佳抗MRSA活性的类似物含有S-辛基二
硫化物和N,N-二甲基或N-
吡咯烷二
硫代
氨基甲酸酯取代基。额外测试表明,二
硫仑及其S-辛基衍
生物均能使
金黄色葡萄球菌对
磷霉素的杀菌效果产生敏感性。机制研究表明,这些化合物通过
硫醇-二
硫键交换反应降低了胞内辅因子巴克利
硫醇的
水平。因此,
金黄色葡萄球菌对
磷霉素的增敏被归因于可用于fosB失活的细胞内巴克利
硫醇池的耗竭。