Ionic Liquid Acceleration of Solid-Phase Suzuki−Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reactions
作者:Jefferson D. Revell、A. Ganesan
DOI:10.1021/ol0263292
日期:2002.9.1
[reaction: see text] Room-temperature ionicliquids promote various transition metal-catalyzed reactions in the solution phase. Here, for the first time, we show that these effects are translatable to solid-phase reactions. The Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of 4-iodophenol immobilized on polystyrene-Wang resin with various arylboronic acids was significantly accelerated by the ionicliquid 1-butyl
17β-HSD2 inhibitors for the treatment of osteoporosis: Identification of a promising scaffold
作者:Marie Wetzel、Sandrine Marchais-Oberwinkler、Rolf W. Hartmann
DOI:10.1016/j.bmc.2010.12.013
日期:2011.1
17 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (17 beta-HSD2) catalyses the conversion of active 17 beta-hydroxysteroids into the less active 17-ketosteroids thereby controlling the availability of biologically active estrogens (E2) and androgens (T) in the tissues. The skeletal disease osteoporosis occurs mainly in post-menopausal women and in elderly men when the levels of estrogens and androgens, respectively, decrease. Since 17 beta-HSD2 is present in osteoblasts, inhibition of this enzyme may provide a new and promising approach to prevent the onset of osteoporosis, keeping a certain level in estrogens and androgens in bone cells of ageing people. Hydroxynaphthyl, hydroxyphenyl and hydroxymethylphenyl-substituted moieties were synthesised as mimetics of the steroidal substrate. Compound 8 has been identified as promising scaffold for 17 beta-HSD2 inhibitors displaying high activity and good selectivity toward 17 beta-HSD1, ER alpha and ER beta. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Structure-Based Drug Design and Optimization of Mannoside Bacterial FimH Antagonists
作者:Zhenfu Han、Jerome S. Pinkner、Bradley Ford、Robert Obermann、William Nolan、Scott A. Wildman、Doug Hobbs、Tom Ellenberger、Corinne K. Cusumano、Scott J. Hultgren、James W. Janetka
DOI:10.1021/jm100438s
日期:2010.6.24
FimH-mediated cellular adhesion to mannosylated proteins is critical in the ability of uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) to colonize and invade the bladder epithelium during urinary tract infection. We describe the discovery and optimization of potent small-molecule FimH bacterial adhesion antagonists based on alpha-D-mannose 1-position anomeric glycosides using X-ray structure-guided drug design. Optimized biarylmannosides display low nanomolar binding affinity for FimH in a fluorescence polarization assay and submicromolar cellular activity in a hemagglutination (HA) functional cell assay of bacterial adhesion. X-ray crystallography demonstrates that the biphenyl moiety makes several key interactions with the outer surface of FimH including pi-pi interactions with Tyr-48 and an H-bonding electrostatic interaction with the Arg-98/Glu-50 salt bridge. Dimeric analogues linked through the biaryl ring show an impressive 8-fold increase in potency relative to monomeric matched pairs and represent the most potent FimH antagonists identified to date. The FimH antagonists described herein hold great potential for development as novel therapeutics for the effective treatment of urinary tract infections.