A molecular species is covalently attached to elemental carbon by exposing the carbon to a reaction mixture containing a strong base and a compound of the formula
or
in which X denotes a covalently attached atom or group capable of forming an X− anion and each Z is a moiety comprising a plurality of atoms, but which does not have a hydrogen atom directly attached to the atom which itself is directly attached to the —CH2X or —CHX group. The carbon substrate may be graphite or carbon nanotubes.
将碳元素暴露于含有强碱和一种
化学式为
或
其中 X 表示能形成 X- 阴离子的共价连接原子或基团,每个 Z 是由多个原子组成的分子,但其中没有氢原子直接连接到本身直接连接到 -CH2X 或 -CHX 基团的原子上。碳基质可以是石墨或碳纳米管。