Practical and Chemoselective Reduction of Acyl Chloride to Alcohol by Borohydride in Aqueous Dichloromethane
作者:Ramya Rajan、Sachin Badgujar、Kamaljit Kaur、Yashwardhan Malpani、Pranab R. Kanjilal
DOI:10.1080/00397910903340645
日期:2010.8.31
simple methodology for the reduction of acid chlorides to their correspondingalcohols has been developed. Various carboxylicacids were converted to alcohols in excellent yields using NaBH4-K2CO3 in a mixed solvent system of dichloromethane and water (1:1) in the presence of a phase-transfer catalyst at low temperature. The importance of the work is its simplicity, selectivity, excellent yield, and very
2-Aminoacetamido-.alpha.-phenylbenzylideneaminoalkanol derivatives and
申请人:Sankyo Company Limited
公开号:US04022832A1
公开(公告)日:1977-05-10
Aminoalkanol derivatives having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents hydrogen atoms or a halogen atom, R.sub.2 represents hydrogen atom or fluorine atom and A represents an alkylene group having 1-4 carbon atoms. The aminoalkanol derivatives are useful as a minor tranquilizer and can be prepared by reacting the corresponding 2-amino-.alpha.-phenylbenzylideneaminoalkanol derivative with an aminocarboxylic acid.
Antibodies directed against chemical specific protein modifications are valuable tools to detect and comparatively quantify protein modifications. Both N-epsilon-(dichloroacetyl)-L-lysine and N-epsilon-(trichloroacety)l-L-lysine have been detected as modified amino acids in liver and kidneys of rats treated with perchloroethene (PER) after proteolysis. These protein modifications are formed by the interaction of reactive metabolites formed from PER with proteins. In this study we developed monospecific antibodies to dichloroacetylated and to trichloroacetylated amino acids to detect modified proteins in the target organs of PER toxicity. These antibodies were prepared by immunization of rabbits with modified keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) coupled with either the dichloroacetyl or trichloroacetyl moiety. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) indicated that the polyclonal rabbit sera recognized dichloroacetylated or trichloroacetylated rabbit serum albumin (RSA), but not unmodified protein. Therefore, we further purified rabbit antisera on either N-epsilon-(dichloroacetyl)-L-lysine or N-epsilon-(trichloroacetyl)-L-lysine immobilized to immunoaffinity columns to obtain monospecific antibodies. The potential of these antibodies in the detection of di- and trichloroacetylated proteins and their selectivity for the desired dichloroacetyl or trichloroacetyl group was demonstrated in competitive enzme-linked immunosorbent assays with several structurally related compounds. Anti-dichloroacetyl (anti-DCA) antibody binding to dichloroacetylated RSA was inhibited by N-epsilon-(dichloroacetyl)L-lysine with an IC50 value of 150 mu M whereas inhibition by N-epsilon-(monochloroacetyl)-L-lysine and N-epsilon-(trichloroacetyl)-L-lysine showed an IC50 value of 100 mM. The binding of the antitrichloroacetyl (anti-TCA) antibody to trichloroacetylated RSA was inhibited by N-epsilon-(dichloroacetyl)-L-lysine with an IC50 value of 80 mM. The inhibition by N-epsilon-(trichloroacetyl)-L-lysine was again 3 orders of magnitude stronger resulting in an IC50 value of 90 mu M. N-epsilon-(acetyl)-L-lysine and unmodified RSA did not effect antibody binding to the chemically modified antigen. The antibodies were also successfully applied to detect modified proteins in subcellular fractions of liver and kidney from PER treated rats demonstrated in immunoblot. Protein adduct formation from different PER metabolism pathways was confirmed by the observation that the majority of dichloroacetylated proteins were located in kidney mitochondria and trichloroacetylated proteins were located in liver microsomes.