烯烃在有机化学中无处不在,但通过当前的合成方法仍难以获得许多类别的烯烃。在此,我们报道了一种氢化铜催化的方法,通过炔烃加氢烷基化合成具有高立体和区域选择性的Z-构型三取代烯烃。研究发现,DTBM-dppf 负载的 Cu 催化剂是最佳的,与以 dppf 作为配体进行的反应相比,产物收率显着增加。DFT 计算表明,DTBM 取代通过与防止催化剂二聚和增强催化剂-基质分散相互作用相关的基态和过渡态组合效应,导致炔烃加氢加速。成功地证明了炔烃加氢烷基化与甲基和更大的烷基甲苯磺酸盐亲电子试剂能够以中等到高产率生产各种(杂)芳基取代的烯烃,并且对 Z 立体化学构型产物具有完全选择性。在关键 C-C 键的形成过程中,计算研究揭示了乙烯基铜中间体与原位形成的烷基碘烷基化的直接 S N 2 途径。
Novel Carboxylic Acid and Antidepressant Composition Containing the Same as Active Ingredient
申请人:Yoshimura Hiroyuki
公开号:US20100184860A1
公开(公告)日:2010-07-22
The present invention provides a novel compound and antidepressant composition that can be effectively used for improving depressed mood and depressed state, particularly for depressed mood and depressed state in menopausal women. The compound of the present invention is represented by the following formula (1):
wherein R
1
and R
2
are identical or different and represent a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group or an acetyloxy group, and n is an integer of 2 to 7,
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof. This compound is used as an active ingredient in the antidepressant composition. Examples of the compound of the invention include (2E)-9,10-dihydroxy-2-decenoic acid, (2Z)-9,10-dihydroxy-2-decenoic acid, (2E)-9-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid, and (2E)-7-acetoxy-2-heptenoic acid.
Convenient synthesis of (2R)- and (2S)-2-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-2-phenylpentanenitrile, intermediates in the preparation of phenylalkylamine calcium channel blockers
The multigram synthesis of (2S)- and (2R)-2-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-2-phenylpentanenitriles 9a and 9b is described, using either (4R)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-ylmethanol or (2R)-butane-1,2,4-triol as chiral auxiliary. The configuration of an intermediate dioxolane 10b is assigned by X-ray crystallography. The synthetic utility of the aldehydes is demonstrated by conversion to both enantiomers of the
(E)-9, 10-Dihydroxy-2-decenoic acid 1 was isolated as a new compound from royal jelly. The planar structure was deduced by spectroscopic analyses, whereas the absolute configuration was established by chemical synthesis of both enantiomers of 1. The natural product was revealed to be ca. 3.5:1 mixture of (R)- and (S)-acids by comparison of 1 with authentic samples. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.