Substituent effects on axle binding in amide pseudorotaxanes: comparison of NMR titration and ITC data with DFT calculations
作者:Lena Kaufmann、Egor V. Dzyuba、Friedrich Malberg、Nora L. Löw、Matthias Groschke、Boris Brusilowskij、Juhani Huuskonen、Kari Rissanen、Barbara Kirchner、Christoph A. Schalley
DOI:10.1039/c2ob25196e
日期:——
The binding behaviour of differently substituted diamide axle molecules to Hunter/Vögtle tetralactam macrocycles was studied with a combination of NMR titration, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) experiments and calculations employing density functional theory (DFT), along with dispersion-corrected exchange-correlation functionals. Guests with alkyl or alkenyl chains attached to the diamide carbonyl groups have a significantly higher binding affinity to the macrocycle than guests with benzoyl amides and their substituted analogues. While the binding of the benzoyl and alkenyl substituted axles is enthalpically driven, the alkyl-substituted guest binds mainly because of a positive binding entropy. The electronic effects of para-substituents at the benzoyl moieties have an influence on the binding affinities. Electron donating substituents increase, while electron-withdrawing substituents decrease the binding energies. The binding affinities obtained from both NMR titration and ITC experiments correlate well with each other. The substituent effects observed in the experimental data are reflected in adiabatic interaction energies calculated with density functional methods. The calculated structures also agree well with pseudorotaxane crystal structures.
Selective Monoacylation of Symmetrical Diamines via Prior Complexation with Boron
作者:Zhongxing Zhang、Zhiwei Yin、Nicholas A. Meanwell、John F. Kadow、Tao Wang
DOI:10.1021/ol0300773
日期:2003.9.1
[reaction: see text] Pretreatment of a symmetrical primary or secondary diamine with 9-BBN prior to the addition of an acyl chloride significantly suppressed undesired diacylation, and the product of monoacylation predominated. The reactive preference is interpreted as the result of a selective deactivation of one nitrogen atom of the diamine by 9-BBN.
Imidazole-Catalyzed Monoacylation of Symmetrical Diamines
作者:Sanjeev K. Verma、B. N. Acharya、M. P. Kaushik
DOI:10.1021/ol101604q
日期:2010.10.1
An imidazole-catalyzed protocol for monoacylation of symmetricaldiamines has been developed. The protocol gave selective monoacylation of aliphatic (cyclic and acyclic) primary and secondary diamines. In the reaction, imidazole acts as both catalyst and a leaving group. Different monoacylated piperazines and other diamines were synthesized at room temperature in an ethanol/water solvent system.
An efficient base-promoted tandem reaction between vinyl 1,1-dichlorides and secondary sulfonamides with ynamide as the key intermediate is described. This method provides a facile approach to (Z)-1,2-endiamide and aryl 1,1-endiamide derivatives via the β-hydroamidation of terminalynamides and the α-hydroamidation of internal ynamides, respectively. This reaction proceeded through double elimination