Selective Mono- and Bis(alkoxycarbonylation)s of Olefins Catalyzed by Palladium in the Presence of Cu(I) or Cu(II) Chloride under Remarkably Mild Conditions. Application to the Synthesis of γ-Butyrolactone Derivatives
Palladium-catalyzed mono- and bis(alkoxycarbonylation)s of olefins were controlled by the use of copper(II) and copper(1) chloride, respectively, in alcohol under normal pressure of carbon monoxide and oxygen at room temperature without any other additives. 3-Buten-1-ols gave the corresponding γ-butyrolactones and 2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-acetic acid esters, respectively, in high yields.
Selective Mono- and Dicarbonylation of Terminal Olefins Catalyzed by Pd–C in the Presence of Cu(II) or Cu(I) Chloride under Mild Conditions
作者:Katsuhiko Inomata、Shiho Toda、Hideki Kinoshita
DOI:10.1246/cl.1990.1567
日期:1990.9
Pd–C can catalyze the carbonylation of terminal olefins with normal pressure of carbon monoxide at room temperature. The corresponding mono- and diesters (succinates) were selectively formed in excellent yields using Cu(II) and Cu(I) chloride, respectively, in alcohol.
Pd-C可以在常压下在一氧化碳常压下催化末端烯烃的羰基化反应。分别使用氯化铜 (II) 和氯化铜 (I) 在醇中选择性地形成相应的单酯和二酯(琥珀酸酯),收率极好。
A cellulose compound film containing a cellulose compound having two or more substituents whose polarizability anisotropies Δα calculated by mathematical formula (1) are different from each other, wherein substitution degrees of the following substituents A and B in the cellulose compound satisfy relationship as defined by mathematical formula (A1), in which the substituent A has the lowest Δα and the substituent B has the highest Δα:
Δ
α
=
α
x
-
α
y
+
α
z
2
Mathematical
formula
(
1
)
wherein, in characteristic values obtained after diagonalization of polarizability tensor, αx is the largest component, αy is the second largest component, and αz is the smallest component;
DS
B
2+
DS
B
3−
DS
B
6≧−0.1 Mathematical formula (A1)
wherein DS
B
2, DS
B
3, and DS
B
6 represent a substitution degree of the substituent B at the 2-, 3-, or 6-position of a β-glucose ring constituting unit of cellulose, respectively; and
an optical compensation film, a polarizing plate, and a liquid crystal display device, using the cellulose compound film.
Cellulose Acylate Film, Method of Producing the Same, Cellulose Derivative Film, Optically Compensatory Film Using the Same, Optically-Compensatory Film Incorporating Polarizing Plate, Polarizing Plate and Liquid Crystal Display Device
申请人:Haruta Hiromoto
公开号:US20090290100A1
公开(公告)日:2009-11-26
A method of producing a cellulose derivative film, the method comprising: forming a film with a solvent cast method from a dope including a cellulose derivative satisfying following conditions (a) and (b): (a) at least one among three hydroxyl groups included in a glucose unit of cellulose is substituted by a substituent of which a polarizability anisotropy Δα represented as following Expression (1) is 2.5×10
−24
cm
3
or higher: Expression (1): Δα=αx−(αy+αz)/2, wherein αx, αy and αz is as defined in the specification; and (b) when a substitution degree by a substituent of which Δα is 2.5×10
−24
cm
3
or higher is P
A
, and a substitution degree by a substituent of which Δα is lower than 2.5×10
−24
cm
3
is P
B
, the P
A
and P
B
satisfy following Expressions (3) and (4): Expression (3): 2P
A
+P
B
>3.0; and Expression (4): P
A
>0.2.
Components and catalysts for the polymerization of olefins
申请人:——
公开号:US20020183575A1
公开(公告)日:2002-12-05
The present invention relates to a solid catalyst component for the polymerization of olefins CH
2
═CHR in which R is hydrogen or a hydrocarbon radical with 1-12 carbon atoms, comprising Mg, Ti, halogen and an electron donor selected from substituted succinates of a particular formula. Said catalyst components when used in the polymerization of olefins, and in particular of propylene, are capable to give polymers in high yields and with high isotactic index expressed in terms of high xylene insolubility.
本发明涉及一种用于烯烃聚合的固体催化剂组分 CH
2
═CHR,其中 R 为氢或含有 1-12 个碳原子的烃基,由 Mg、Ti、卤素和选自特定式的取代琥珀酸盐的电子供体组成。上述催化剂组分用于烯烃,特别是丙烯的聚合时,能够产生高产率和高同素异形指数的聚合物,以高二甲苯不溶性表示。