在腈纶或酰胺基团形式的功能化分子中可持续引入氮基是至关重要的,因为在许多生命科学分子,天然产物和材料中都发现了含氮基序。因此,非常需要使用具有成本效益的催化剂和绿色试剂从容易获得的起始原料合成腈和酰胺的方法。就这一点而言,本文报道了在1 bar O 2的存在下,由醛和氨水进行的纳米级氧化铁催化的腈和伯酰胺的环境友好合成。或空气。在温和的反应条件下,该铁催化的需氧氧化过程继续进行,以合成功能化且结构多样的芳族,脂族和杂环腈。另外,应用该铁基方案,还已经在水介质中制备了伯酰胺。
Access to Nitriles from Aldehydes Mediated by an Oxoammonium Salt
作者:Christopher B. Kelly、Kyle M. Lambert、Michael A. Mercadante、John M. Ovian、William F. Bailey、Nicholas E. Leadbeater
DOI:10.1002/anie.201412256
日期:2015.3.27
route to access an array of nitrilesfromaldehydesmediated by an oxoammoniumsalt (4‐acetylamino‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxoammonium tetrafluoroborate) and hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) as an ammonia surrogate has been developed. The reaction likely involves two distinct chemical transformations: reversible silyl‐imine formation between HMDS and an aldehyde, followed by oxidation mediated by the
Borrowing Hydrogen: Indirect “Wittig” Olefination for the Formation of C–C Bonds from Alcohols
作者:Phillip J. Black、Michael G. Edwards、Jonathan M. J. Williams
DOI:10.1002/ejoc.200600070
日期:2006.10
development of an indirect three-step domino sequence for the formation of C-Cbondsfromalcohol substrates is described. An iridium-catalysed dehydrogenation of alcohol I affords the intermediate aldehyde 2. The desired C-C bond can then be formed by a facile Wittigolefination, yielding the intermediate alkene 3. In the final step the alkene is hydrogenated to afford the indirectWittig product, the
描述了从醇底物形成 CC 键的间接三步多米诺骨牌序列的成功开发。醇 I 的铱催化脱氢得到中间体醛 2。然后可以通过简单的 Wittig 烯化形成所需的 CC 键,产生中间体烯烃 3。在最后一步中,烯烃被氢化以提供间接的 Wittig 产物,即烷烃 4. 这个过程的关键是借氢的概念;在最初的脱氢步骤中除去的氢气被铱催化剂简单地借用。作为储氢器,催化剂促进 CC 键的形成,然后在最后一步返回借用的氢。在此,我们将详细介绍我们对底物和反应范围以及催化循环的局限性的研究。((c) Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)。
Highly efficient conjugate reduction of α,β-unsaturated nitriles catalyzed by copper/xanthene-type bisphosphine complexes
作者:Daesung Kim、Bu-Mahn Park、Jaesook Yun
DOI:10.1039/b418586b
日期:——
Alpha,beta-unsaturated nitriles are chemoselectively reduced to the corresponding saturated nitriles in high yields using a copper-DPEphos or Xantphos complex as catalyst in the presence of polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) as the stoichiometric reducing agent and t-butanol as additive.
作者:Brian M. Fox、Reina Natero、Kevin Richard、Richard Connors、Philip M. Roveto、Holger Beckmann、Katrin Haller、Justin Golde、Shou-Hua Xiao、Frank Kayser
DOI:10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.02.046
日期:2011.4
We discovered novel pyrrolidine MCHR1antagonist 1 possessing moderate potency. Profiling of pyrrolidine 1 demonstrated that it was an inhibitor of the hERG channel. Investigation of the structure–activity relationship of this class of pyrrolidines allowed us to optimize the MCHR1 potency and decrease the hERG inhibition. Increasing the acidity of the amide proton by converting the benzamide in lead
Selective α‐Deuteration of Cinnamonitriles using D
<sub>2</sub>
O as Deuterium Source
作者:Beibei Guo、Johannes G. Vries、Edwin Otten
DOI:10.1002/adsc.202101093
日期:2022.1.4
The selective α-deuteration of α,β-unsaturated nitriles using the strong base tBuOK or a metal-ligand cooperative Ru pincer catalyst is described. With D2O as deuteriumsource and glyme as solvent at 70 °C, tBuOK is an efficient catalyst for deuteration at the α-C(sp2) position of cinnamonitriles, providing access to a broad range of deuterated derivatives in good to excellent yields and with very
描述了使用强碱t BuOK 或金属-配体协同 Ru 钳形催化剂对 α,β-不饱和腈进行选择性 α-氘化。在 70 °C 下以 D 2 O 作为氘源和甘醇二甲醚作为溶剂,t BuOK 是一种有效的肉桂腈α-C( sp 2 ) 位氘化催化剂,可提供从良好到优异的各种氘化衍生物产率和非常高的氘掺入水平。虽然tBuOK 催化的协议不容忍碱敏感的官能团,使用 Milstein 的钌 PNN 钳形催化剂以优异的产率氘化含有苄基溴或酯部分的肉桂腈衍生物。此外,发现金属-配体协同 Ru 催化剂的 H/D 交换活性显着高于t BuOK,即使在室温下也能很好地进行反应。提出了一种机制建议,当使用t BuOK 作为催化剂时,肉桂腈 α-CH 位置的去质子化,而与 Ru PNN 钳子的 H/D 交换催化可能通过(可逆的)Oxa-Michael 加成 D 2 O 进行。