Effects of Structure Variation on Solution Properties of Hydrotropes: Phenyl versus Cyclohexyl Chain Tips
摘要:
The physicochemical behavior of the phenyl-n-alkanoate (PhenCx) and cyclohexyl-n-alkanoate (CyclohexCx) series has been investigated, supporting previous work on the understanding of hydrotropes (Hopkins Hatzopoulos, M.; Eastoe, J.; Dowding, P.J.; Rogers, S. E.; Heenan, R; Dyer, R. Langmuir 2011, 27, 12346-12353). Electrical conductivity, surface tension, H-1 NMR, and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) were used to study adsorption and aggregation in terms of critical aggregation concentration (cac). The PhenCx series exhibited very similar d log(cac)/dn to n-alkylbenzoates (CnBenz), exhibiting two branches of behavior, with a common inflection point at four linear carbons, whereas the CyclohexCx series showed no break point. Electrical conductivity and H-1 NMR concentration scans indicate a difference in physicochemical behavior between higher and lower homologues in both the PhenCx and CyclohexCx series. Surface tension measurements with compounds belonging to either group gave typical Gibbs adsorption profiles, having d log(cac)/dn curves consistent with limiting headgroup areas in the region of (35-55 angstrom(2)) indicating monolayer formation. SANS profiles showed no evidence for aggregates below the electrical conductivity determined cac values, inferring an "on-off" mode of aggregation. Analyses of SANS profiles was consistent with charged ellipsoidal aggregates, persisting from lower through to higher homologues in both the PhenCx and CyclohexCx series.
Selective hydrogenation of arenes to cyclohexanes in water catalyzed by chitin-supported ruthenium nanoparticles
作者:Yuna Morioka、Aki Matsuoka、Kellie Binder、Benjamin R. Knappett、Andrew E. H. Wheatley、Hiroshi Naka
DOI:10.1039/c6cy00899b
日期:——
The selective hydrogenation of aromatic compounds to cyclohexanes was found to be promoted by chitin-supported rutheniumnanoparticles (Ru/chitin) under near-neutral, aqueous conditions without the loss of C–O/C–N linkages at benzylic positions.
New functional ganglioside derivatives comprising ester, amide and peracylated derivatives of gangliosides, preparation procedures therefor, pharmaceutical preparations containing the same, and the therapeutic use of the derivatives.
Method to produce poly(arylene sulfide/sulfone) polymer
申请人:PHILLIPS PETROLEUM COMPANY
公开号:EP0411625A2
公开(公告)日:1991-02-06
A method for producing a poly(arylene sulfide/sulfone) polymer is provided which comprises: contacting reactants comprising a dihalogenated aromatic sulfone, an alkali metal sulfide, a polar organic compound, at least one base, an alkali metal carboxylate, and, optionally water, under suitable conditions to initiate a polymerization reaction; thereafter adding an amount of water while maintaining polymerization conditions; then terminating the reaction; and recovering the polymer.
The invention method provides for a polymer product wherein the production of low molecular weight product is minimized and high molecular weight yield is maximized.