Control of the Regioselectivity in Catalytic Transformations Involving Amphiphilic Bis-allylpalladium Intermediates: Mechanism and Synthetic Applications
摘要:
Various dialkyl-substituted allyl chloride derivatives (2d-i) undergo regioselective palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions with allylstannanes (1a,b) and benzylidenemalonitrile (4), providing functionalized 1,7-octadienes in good yield. The catalytic reaction proceeds through an unsymmetrical amphiphilic bis-allylpalladium intermediate. An:introductory electrophilic attack on the terminal position of the unsubstituted alkyl moiety is followed by a nucleophilic attack on the alkyl-substituted allyl ligand. A theoretical analysis was performed by applying density functional theory at the B3PW91/DZ+P level to study the substituent effects on the electrophilic attack. According to the theoretical results, the high regioselectivity can be ascribed to the electronic effects of the alkyl substituents: The terminal alkyl groups destabilize the eta (1),eta (3)-bis-allylpalladium intermediate of the reaction; in addition, the alkyl substitution increases the activation barrier for the electrophilic attack.
Palladium-Catalyzed Tandem Bis-allylation of Isocyanates
作者:Niclas Solin、Sanjay Narayan、Kálmán J. Szabó
DOI:10.1021/ol015545s
日期:2001.3.1
[GRPAHICS]A tandem bis-allylation of p-toluenesulfonyl isocyanate can be achieved by palladium-catalyzed three-component coupling reaction with allylstannanes and allyl chlorides, A high level of regioselectivity can be obtained by the appropriate choice of the allylic substituents. The reaction mechanism and the regiochemistry of the reaction can be explained by formation of an amphoteric bis-allylpalladium intermediate, This bis-allylpalladium intermediate undergoes an initial electrophilic attack on one of the allyl moieties followed by a nucleophilic attack on the other.
Cyanuric Chloride–Mediated Synthesis of Allylic Chloride—<i>ipso</i>‐ versus<i>tele</i>‐Substitution
Abstract Synthesis of unsymmetrical allylic chlorides has been accomplished using cyanuricchloride in combination with DMF through ipso‐substitution and tele‐substitution by judicious choice of the substituents at appropriate positions of unsymmetrical allyl alcohols, taking care of their electronic and steric properties.
Control of the Regioselectivity in Catalytic Transformations Involving Amphiphilic Bis-allylpalladium Intermediates: Mechanism and Synthetic Applications
作者:Niclas Solin、Sanjay Narayan、Kálmán J. Szabó
DOI:10.1021/jo001374d
日期:2001.3.1
Various dialkyl-substituted allyl chloride derivatives (2d-i) undergo regioselective palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions with allylstannanes (1a,b) and benzylidenemalonitrile (4), providing functionalized 1,7-octadienes in good yield. The catalytic reaction proceeds through an unsymmetrical amphiphilic bis-allylpalladium intermediate. An:introductory electrophilic attack on the terminal position of the unsubstituted alkyl moiety is followed by a nucleophilic attack on the alkyl-substituted allyl ligand. A theoretical analysis was performed by applying density functional theory at the B3PW91/DZ+P level to study the substituent effects on the electrophilic attack. According to the theoretical results, the high regioselectivity can be ascribed to the electronic effects of the alkyl substituents: The terminal alkyl groups destabilize the eta (1),eta (3)-bis-allylpalladium intermediate of the reaction; in addition, the alkyl substitution increases the activation barrier for the electrophilic attack.