Described herein are end-capped poly(aryl ether sulfone) (“PAES”) polymers and corresponding synthesis methods. The end-capped PAES polymers are end-capped by functionalizing a PAES polymer with a halophthalic diialkyl ester end-capping agent. It was surprisingly discovered that the resulting dialkyl phthalate end-capped PAES polymers could be synthesized with significantly improved end-capping conversion rates, relative to end-capped PAES polymers directly functionalized with traditional phthalic anhydride end-capping agents. It was also surprisingly found that by heating the isopropyl phthalate end-capped PAES polymers, the polymers could be converted to the corresponding phthalic anhydride end-capped PAES polymers, yielding a more efficient synthetic route to phthalic anhydride end-capped PAES polymers.
US4745026A
申请人:——
公开号:US4745026A
公开(公告)日:1988-05-17
US4833023A
申请人:——
公开号:US4833023A
公开(公告)日:1989-05-23
Structural essentials of xenoestrogen dialkyl phthalates to bind to the estrogen receptors
Xenoestrogen dialkyl phthalates. C6H4(COOCnHm)(2) lack the phenolic hydroxyl group that is an essential structural component of the steroid A ring of 17 beta -estradiol. In order to examine wh;ther dialkyl phthalates imitate the steroid structure, we have synthesized a series of 4-hydroxyl derivatives of dialkyl phthalates. The compounds were examined for their ability to displace [H-3]17 beta -estradiol from the recombinant human estrogen receptor, which was expressed on Sf9 cells using the vaculovirus expression system. Dialkyl 4-hydroxyl phthalates were found to exhibit several-fold higher binding affinities compared to phthalates without the 4-hydroxyl group. From the analyses of receptor binding modes of dialkyl phthalates with and without the 4-hydroxyl group. it was deduced that the phthalic benzene ring mimics the steroid A ring. A biphasic binding curve observed for dicyclohexyl phthalate was also depicted by its 4-hydroxyl derivative. but it increased binding affinity only at the high affinity binding site. These data suggest that the phthalate benzene moiety recognizes the core of the estrogen receptor binding site and the hydrophobic interaction of the dialkyl moiety substantiates the binding characteristics of the phthalates. The present data indicate that even chemicals with slight structural analogy and weak receptor affinity can perturb the endocrine system when administered in high concentrations. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.