ZWITTERIONIC CATALYSTS FOR (TRANS)ESTERIFICATION: APPLICATION IN FLUOROINDOLE-DERIVATIVES AND BIODIESEL SYNTHESIS
申请人:The Chinese University of Hong Kong
公开号:US20210023539A1
公开(公告)日:2021-01-28
An amide/iminium zwitterion catalyst has a catalyst pocket size that promotes transesterification and dehydrative esterification. The amide/iminium zwitterions are easily prepared by reacting aziridines with aminopyridines. The reaction can be applied a wide variety of esterification processes including the large-scale synthesis of biodiesel. The amide/iminium zwitterions allow the avoidance of strongly basic or acidic condition and avoidance of metal contamination in the products. Reactions are carried out at ambient or only modestly elevated temperatures. The amide/iminium zwitterion catalyst is easily recycled and reactions proceed in high to quantitative yields.
Under moderate conditions aldoenol esters react with HAl(i-C4H9)2 to afford organoaluminium compounds, which upon hydrolysis yield 1,3-diols and on acetolysis form 1,3-diacetates. The diacetates are obtained in about 50% yields (based on enol ester) by distillation. Vinyl esters are converted to linear 1,3-diols or 1,3-diacetates, whereas enol acetates of higher aldehydes give 2-sec(or -tert)alkyl-1
在中等条件下,醛烯醇酯与HAl(iC 4 H 9)2反应,得到有机铝化合物,其水解后生成1,3-二醇,并在乙酰分解时生成1,3-二乙酸酯。通过蒸馏以约50%的产率(基于烯醇酯)获得二乙酸酯。乙烯基酯被转化为直链的1,3-二醇或1,3-二乙酸酯,而高级醛的烯醇乙酸酯得到2-仲(或-叔)烷基-1,3-丁二醇或2-仲(或-叔)烷基-1,3-丁二醇二乙酸酯。
DEVELOPER FOR PROCESSING LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTING PLATE PRECURSOR, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTING PLATE BY USING THE DEVELOPER, AND PRINTING METHOD
申请人:Sato Takashi
公开号:US20130014658A1
公开(公告)日:2013-01-17
To provide a developer for processing of a lithographic printing plate precursor, containing a non-reducing sugar having bonded therein two or more monosaccharides and having a pH of 6 to 14 and thereby provide a developer having a pH stable to aging and an excellent film-forming property, a method for manufacturing a lithographic printing plate, where a lithographic printing plate excellent in developability and dispersibility of development scum and kept from staining of the non-image area can be manufactured even by simple processing of one solution and one step requiring no water washing step, a developer used therefor, and a printing method of performing printing by using the manufacturing method of a lithographic printing plate.
LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTING PLATE PRECURSORS AND PROCESSES FOR PREPARING LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTING PLATES
申请人:FUJIFILM Corporation
公开号:US20140377705A1
公开(公告)日:2014-12-25
Disclosed is a lithographic printing plate allowing for high running performance of the developer, wide water window and high printing durability. The lithographic printing plate precursor comprises a photosensitive layer on a support, wherein the photosensitive layer comprises (A) a polymerizable compound, (B) a polymerization initiator, (C) a polyvinyl acetal binder containing at least one kind of repeat units represented by general formula (I-c), general formula (I-b) and general formula (I-a), and (D) an acrylic resin binder.