Nickel/Lewis acid dual catalysis is found to effect the carbocyanation reaction of alkynes using acetonitrile and substituted acetonitriles to give a range of variously substituted acrylonitriles. The addition of propionitrile across alkynes is also demonstrated briefly to give the corresponding ethylcyanation products in good yields, whereas the reaction of butyronitrile gives significant amounts of hydrocyanation products due possibly to β-hydride elimination of a propylnickel intermediate. The reaction of optically active α-phenylpropionitrile suggests a reaction mechanism that involves oxidative addition of a C–CN bond with retention of its absolute configuration.
镍/
路易斯酸双催化体系被发现能够有效地促进
乙腈和取代
乙腈与
炔烃的碳
氰化反应,生成一系列不同取代的
丙烯腈。简要展示的
丙腈与
炔烃的加成反应也能高效地得到相应的乙基
氰化产物,而
丁腈参与的反应则因可能的丙基
镍中间体β-氢消除作用而得到显著量的氢
氰化产物。光学活性α-苯基
丙腈的反应表明其反应机制涉及C–CN键的氧化加成,并保留其绝对构型。