Tandem Enyne Allene−Radical Cyclization: Low-Temperature Approaches to Benz[<i>e</i>]indene and Indene Compounds
作者:Janet Wisniewski Grissom、Detlef Klingberg、Dahai Huang、Brian J. Slattery
DOI:10.1021/jo961049j
日期:1997.2.1
multicyclic compounds using the tandem enediyne-radical cyclization, we have developed the tandem enyne allene-radical cyclization which proceeds at temperatures as low as 37 degrees C. The reactions were carried out using three different methods for the preparation of the enyne allenes. The first method involved the [3,3] sigmatropic rearrangement of an enediyne followed by a tandem enyne allene-radical
High temperature radical cyclization anomalies in the tandem enediyne-bis-radical cyclization
作者:Janet Wisniewski Grissom、Trevor L. Calkins、Dahai Huang、Heidi McMillen
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4020(01)85004-3
日期:1994.4
shown that the thermolysis of aromaticenediynes containing radical accepting tethers will undergo tandem enediyne-radical cyclizations. Herein will be reported several examples of the tandem enediyne-bis-radical cyclization where non-radical accepting tethers will undergo cyclizations to aromatic rings to result in cyclization products. Most of the unusual products result from 1,5-hydrogen abstraction
Enediyne- and Tributyltin Hydride-Mediated Aryl Radical Additions onto Various Radical Acceptors
作者:Janet Wisniewski Grissom、Detlef Klingberg、Sabine Meyenburg、Brenda L. Stallman
DOI:10.1021/jo00104a053
日期:1994.12
Tandem enediyne-radical cyclizations were carried out on substrates that contain nitrile and ketone radical accepters. The products of these cyclizations and the previously reported tandem enediyne-radical cyclizations containing aldehyde and oxime ether radical accepters were compared with tributyltin hydride-mediated aryl radical addition reactions with 1-bromonaphthalene derivatives containing aldehyde, oxime ether, nitrile, and ketone radical accepters, since these substrates go through similar initial radical intermediates. Although many of the same products were observed using either method of aryl radical generation, there were distinct differences in the product composition and identity depending on which method was used. These differences can probably be primarily attributed to the temperature difference of the two modes of radical generation.
Kinetic and mechanistic studies of the tandem enediyne-radical cyclization
作者:Janet Wisniewski Grissom、Trevor L. Calkins
DOI:10.1021/jo00072a026
日期:1993.9
Enediynes 11 possessing a tethered olefin radical acceptor can participate in a tandem enediyne-radical cyclization to yield dihydrobenzindene derivatives 16. In the present study, the mechanism of this reaction was investigated utilizing kinetic studies to determine whether the mechanism was a radical chain, stepwise, or concerted process. Substrate concentration, 1,4-cyclohexadiene concentration, olefin geometry, and olefin electronics were varied. These experiments demonstrate that the reaction occurs under first-order kinetics over a wide variation in either substrate or 1,4-CHD concentration. The reaction rate is also independent of olefin geometry and olefin electronics. The rate constants for the reactions were similar and ranged from 3.0 X 10(4) s-1 to 6.0 X 10(-4) s-1. The data suggests that the tandem enediyne-radical cyclization proceeds through a distinct 1,4-diyl reactive intermediate such as 5 formed in the rate-determining enediyne cyclization step, followed by a radical cyclization to give 16. The tandem enediyne-radical cyclization mechanism is supported by trapping the intermediate biradical 18 in a tandem enediyne-6-exo-radical cyclization of 17 to give products 19a,b.
Synthetic studies of the tandem enediyne-mono- and bisradical cyclizations
作者:Janet Wisniewski Grissom、Trevor L. Calkins、Miles Egan
DOI:10.1021/ja00078a013
日期:1993.12
The readily synthesized enediynes 12a-j possessing a tethered olefin radical acceptor can participate in a tandem enediyne-radical cyclization to yield dibydrobenzindene derivatives 14a-j. In the present study, the scope of this reaction was expanded to include a wide variety of olefin acceptors. Substitution at both ends of olefin leads to the formation of two diastereomers 14b and 14c in a 3.5:1 ratio when R3 is Me and R2 is CO2Me. The structures of the dihydrobenzindene products 14b and 14c were confirmed by generating a radical from 25 by a tributyltin hydride reaction which undergoes radical cyclization; this radical is similar to the enediyne-generated radical, which also cyclizes. It was shown that, in 14i and 14j, a substituent at R1 slowed the reaction but still resulted in a good to excellent yield of product. A tandem enediyne-6-exo-radical cyclization of 16 was also carried out but did not work as well as its 5-exo counterpart 12a. Finally, an enediyne 33 containing two olefinic tethers was cyclized in a process to form tetracycle 34 where three rings were formed in one synthetic operation.