Switchable Reactivity of Acylated α, β-Dehydroamino Ester in the Friedel−Crafts Alkylation of Indoles by Changing the Lewis Acid
摘要:
Highly regioselective electrophilic substitution of indoles with N-acetylated alpha,beta-dehydroalanine methyl ester, promoted by different transition metal salts was achieved. The orthogonal regioselectivity provides an efficient protocol toward highly functionalized 3-indolyl-alpha-amino acids. The mechanism of the reactions was explored by NMR studies.
Highly regioselective electrophilic substitution of indoles with N-acetylated alpha,beta-dehydroalanine methyl ester, promoted by different transition metal salts was achieved. The orthogonal regioselectivity provides an efficient protocol toward highly functionalized 3-indolyl-alpha-amino acids. The mechanism of the reactions was explored by NMR studies.
Organocatalytic synthesis of α-quaternary amino acid derivatives via aza-Friedel–Crafts alkylation of indoles with simple α-amidoacrylates
The first (organo)catalytic method for regio- and chemoselective aza-Friedel-Crafts (FC) alkylation of indoles and pyrroles with commercially available methyl alpha-acetamidoacrylates has been discovered. It minimizes/eliminates common competing reactions that occur due to the high and multiatom-nucleophilic character of indole and pyrrole. Diverse quaternary alpha-amino acids were successfully prepared in good yield and high selectivity using low catalyst loading. The enantioselective variant using BINOL-derived phosphoric acids was also explored with indole providing the desired F-C alkylation product with moderate enantioselectivities. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.