Abstract.The objective of this experiment was to study the impact of free‐range pigs foraging on mountain pasture vegetation. Pigs (15 week‐old, mean weight 50 kg,n= 25) were enclosed from June to mid‐September in a 2‐ha enclosure in the Jura Mountains (Switzerland) and fed with a mixture of lactoserum and cereals. The enclosure contained four different plant communities. Eutrophic pastures on deep soil were largely overturned, but recolonization was quick and vegetation dominated by the original species. Mesotrophic pastures were less damaged on stony soil but were completely destroyed on deep soil, recovery was slow and was characterized by a shift of plant species in a more eutrophic direction. Four years were not sufficient for complete recovery. Oligotrophic calcareous pastures on shallow stony soil were not damaged. The result of this study was that extensive breeding of pigs in mountain pastures are harmful to plant species in mesotrophic pastures, and should be restricted to less sensitive plant communities, with a rotation of two or three different sites.
摘要:本实验的目的是研究散养猪觅食对山区牧草植被的影响。从 6 月到 9 月中旬,在瑞士汝拉山区的一个占地 2 公顷的圈舍中饲养了猪(15 周大,平均体重 50 公斤,n= 25 头),并喂食乳糖草和谷物混合物。围栏内有四个不同的植物群落。深层土壤上的富营养化牧场大部分被推翻,但很快又重新植被,植被以原有物种为主。石质土壤上的中营养牧场受到的破坏较小,但深层土壤上的中营养牧场则完全被毁,恢复速度缓慢,其特点是植物物种向更富营养的方向转变。四年时间不足以完全恢复。浅层石质土壤上的低营养钙质牧场没有受到破坏。这项研究的结果表明,在山地牧场大量饲养猪对中营养牧场的植物物种有害,应仅限于敏感性较低的植物群落,并在两到三个不同地点轮流饲养。