F-alkyl α-hydroxy acids and F-alkyl α-bromo acids were prepared respectively by the nitric acid ring-opening oxidative reaction of F-alkyl oxiranes, and oxidation by chromic acid of F-alkyl bromohydrins. The synthesized acids were converted to the corresponding methyl esters which may prove to be useful in the synthesis of F-alkylated heterocycles.
transportation technology regarding links between powerunit or motor ship and ship cargospace. These links can be divided into 2 groups: rigid and flexible. Rigid link, established between powerunit and cargospace, is dominant in maritime and road transport (sea ships and trucks), and occasionally in transport on inlandwaterways (self-propelled barges). Flexible link is used in railroad transport (between
Secondary alcohols are produced by the hydration of a n-olefin substantially free from an isoolefin in the presence as catalyst of an acidic cation exchange resin such as a sulfonated styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer and in the presence of an oxy acid or derivative thereof such as y-valerolactone. The process is especially useful for hydrating a n-butene feed or a feed consisting essentially of n-butenes and butane to produce secondary butyl alcohol.
A polishing composition contains a water-soluble polymer, a polishing accelerator, and an oxidizing agent. The water-soluble polymer is a polyamide-polyamine polymer having an amine value of 150 mg KOH/1 g·solid or greater.