Chemistry of dioxenium cations. Synthetic and mechanistic studies on the stereocontrolled formation of tetrahydropyrans from homoallylic alcohols and ortho esters
作者:Francoise Perron-Sierra、Michele A. Promo、Van A. Martin、Kim F. Albizati
DOI:10.1021/jo00021a043
日期:1991.10
Despite their long history, dioxenium cations are underutilized reactive synthetic intermediates. It was found that ortho esters and homoallylic alcohols in the presence of Lewis acids provide 4-heterosubstituted pyranosides in a stereoselective manner. The mechanistic course of events was supported by control experiments and synthesis of a putative mixed ortho ester intermediate which exhibited identical reactivity. A transition state for termination of the dioxenium cation-olefin cyclization is proposed, involving intramolecular delivery of chloride by a coordinated tin species. Structure-reactivity relationships indicate that a cation-stabilizing substituent (alkyl or alkoxy) at the internal position of the olefin is required for cyclization. A variety of 3-alkyl-substituted homoallylic alcohols cyclize cleanly to substituted 2-alkoxytetrahydropyrans in good yield. beta-silyloxy silyl enol ethers were found to smoothly provide 4-oxotetrahydropyranosides when subjected to the same reaction conditions. For these substrates, the course of the cyclization proceeds in a different manner involving a rapid intermolecular Mukaiyama aldol condensation followed by transacetalization.
Alkylative carbonyl transposition of dihydro-α-pyrones to dihydro-α-pyrones
作者:A. Nangia、P.Bheema Rao
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4039(00)77655-6
日期:1993.4
Dihydro-α-pyrones (2) are prepared from β-hydroxy ketones (1). Dihydropyrones (2) are transformed to unsaturated δ-lactones (4) via an alkylative 1,3-carbonyl transposition.