AbstractFitness, defined as theper capitarate of increase of a genotype with reference to the population carrying the associated genes, is a concept used by biologists to describe how well an individual performs in a population. Fitness is rarely measured directly and biologists resort to proxies more easily measured but with varying connection to fitness. Size, progeny survival, and developmental rate are the most common proxies used in the literature to describe parasitoid fitness. The importance of the proxies varies between papers looking at evolutionary theories and those assessing ecological applications. The most direct measures of fitness for parasitoids are realised fecundity for females and mating ability for males, although these proxies are more difficult to measure under natural conditions. For practical purposes, measure of size, through body size or mass, is the proxy easiest to use while providing good comparative values; however, care must be taken when using a single proxy, as proxies can be affected differently by rearing conditions of the parasitoid.
摘要 适存度(Fitness)是生物学家用来描述个体在群体中表现如何的一个概念。生物学家很少直接测量个体适合度,而是采用更容易测量但与适合度关系各异的代用指标。体型、后代存活率和发育率是文献中描述寄生虫适应性最常用的代用指标。在研究进化理论和评估生态应用的论文中,代用指标的重要性各不相同。衡量寄生虫适应性最直接的方法是雌虫的实际繁殖力和雄虫的交配能力,不过这些代用指标在自然条件下较难衡量。在实际应用中,通过体型或质量来衡量大小是最容易使用的代用指标,同时还能提供良好的比较值;不过,在使用单一代用指标时必须小心谨慎,因为寄生虫的饲养条件会对代用指标产生不同的影响。