Synthesis and biological evaluation of aroylguanidines related to amiloride as inhibitors of the human platelet Na+/H+ exchanger
摘要:
Pyridine and benzene bioisosteres of amiloride were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory Potency against the sodium-hydrogen exchanger (NHE) involved in intracellular pH regulation. The inhibition of NHE was determined by using the platelet swelling assay (PSA) in which the swelling of human platelets was induced by their incubation in an acid buffer (pH 6.7). Additionally, the inhibitory potency of the most active compounds was assessed by measuring the inhibition of the EIPA-sensitive Na-22 (+) uptake (UIA) by human platelets after intracellular acidosis. The results indicated that several benzene derivatives and compounds bearing an carbonylguanidine moiety in the meta position of the pyridine nitrogen were much more potent than amiloride (PSA:IC50 = 43.5 muM, UIA:IC50 = 100.1 muM), but less than EIPA, a pyrazine NHE inhibitor (PSA:IC50=0.08 muM, UIA: IC50 - 0.5 muM). In both biological assays (2-amino-5-bromo-pyridine-3-carbonyl)guanidine (32) was the most active molecule (PSA: IC50 = 0.8 muM, UIA : IC50 = 0.8 muM). Our investigations demonstrated that the replacement of the pyrazine ring of amiloride e by a pyridine ora phenyl ring improved the NHE inhibitory potency (phenyl >pyridine >pyrazine). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of amiloride analogs as inhibitors of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA)
作者:Hayden Matthews、Marie Ranson、Joel D.A. Tyndall、Michael J. Kelso
DOI:10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.09.044
日期:2011.11
A known side-activity of the oral potassium-sparing diuretic drug amiloride is inhibition of the enzyme urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA, K-i = 7 mu M), a promising anticancer target. Several studies have demonstrated significant antitumor/metastasis properties for amiloride in animal cancer models and it would appear that these arise, at least in part, through inhibition of uPA. Selective optimization of amiloride's structure for more potent inhibition of uPA and loss of diuretic effects would thus appear as an attractive strategy towards novel anticancer agents. The following report is a preliminary structure-activity exploration of amiloride analogs as inhibitors of uPA. A key finding was that the well-studied 5-substituted analogs ethylisopropyl amiloride (EIPA) and hexamethylene amiloride (HMA) are approximately twofold more potent than amiloride as uPA inhibitors. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of aroylguanidines related to amiloride as inhibitors of the human platelet Na+/H+ exchanger
作者:D Laeckmann
DOI:10.1016/s0968-0896(02)00022-6
日期:2002.6
Pyridine and benzene bioisosteres of amiloride were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory Potency against the sodium-hydrogen exchanger (NHE) involved in intracellular pH regulation. The inhibition of NHE was determined by using the platelet swelling assay (PSA) in which the swelling of human platelets was induced by their incubation in an acid buffer (pH 6.7). Additionally, the inhibitory potency of the most active compounds was assessed by measuring the inhibition of the EIPA-sensitive Na-22 (+) uptake (UIA) by human platelets after intracellular acidosis. The results indicated that several benzene derivatives and compounds bearing an carbonylguanidine moiety in the meta position of the pyridine nitrogen were much more potent than amiloride (PSA:IC50 = 43.5 muM, UIA:IC50 = 100.1 muM), but less than EIPA, a pyrazine NHE inhibitor (PSA:IC50=0.08 muM, UIA: IC50 - 0.5 muM). In both biological assays (2-amino-5-bromo-pyridine-3-carbonyl)guanidine (32) was the most active molecule (PSA: IC50 = 0.8 muM, UIA : IC50 = 0.8 muM). Our investigations demonstrated that the replacement of the pyrazine ring of amiloride e by a pyridine ora phenyl ring improved the NHE inhibitory potency (phenyl >pyridine >pyrazine). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Korndoerfer, Archiv der Pharmazie, 1903, vol. 241, p. 468