.), have been adopted as elect rophilic substrates in these reactions. Diverse organometallic nucleophiles, such as organo-boronic acids, organostannanes, organozincs and organomag-nesiums, have also been successfully applied as nucleophilic substrates.While many transition metal catalysts have been examined to promote the C-C couplings, nickel- and palladium complexes have occupied a predominant place
.),已被用作这些反应中的亲电底物。各种有机
金属亲核试剂,如有机
硼酸、
有机锡烷、
有机锌和
有机镁,也已成功地用作亲核底物。虽然已经研究了许多过渡
金属催化剂来促进 CC 偶联,但
镍和
钯配合物已经占据了一席之地。作为多功能催化剂的主要地位。过渡
金属催化剂的活性很大程度上取决于
配体和
金属的结合。