Effect of the Trimethylsilyl Substituent on the Reactivity of Permethyltitanocene
摘要:
The presence of a trimethylsilyl substituent in place of one of the methyl groups of each of the cyclopentadienyl ligands of decamethyltitanocene enhances the thermal stability of the resulting complex, [Ti-II{eta(5)-C5Me4(SiMe3)}(2)] (1), and controls the products formed in thermolysis of its methyl derivatives. Titanocene 1 was found to be stable in toluene solution up to 90 degrees C, while under vacuum at 140 degrees C it liberated hydrogen to give the asymmetrical doubly tucked-in titanocene [Ti-II{eta(3):eta(4)-C5Me2(SiMe3)(CH2)(2)}{eta(5)-C5Me4(SiMe3)}] (3). The mono- and dimethyl derivatives of 1, the complexes [(TiMe)-Me-III{eta(5)-C5Me4(SiMe3)}(2)] (5) and [(TiMe2)-Me-IV{eta(5)-C5Me4(SiMe3)}(2)] (6), undergo thermolysis at lower temperature than do the corresponding permethyltitanocene derivatives and eliminate hydrogen from their trimethylsilyl group. Thus, the known [Ti-III{eta(5):eta(1)-C5Me4(SiMe2CH2)}{eta(5)-C5Me4(SiMe3)}] (4) was obtained from 5, and compound 6 afforded [Ti-II{eta(6):eta(1)-C5Me3(CH2)(SiMe2CH2)}{eta(5)-C5Me4(SiMe3)}] (7) at only 90 degrees C, both with liberation of methane. Crystal structures of 3, 5, and 7 were determined. DFT calculations for titanocene 1 revealed that the metal-cyclopentadienyl bonding is accomplished via a three-center-four-electron orbital interaction. An auxiliary long-range Si-C bond interaction with the Ti center was also established, providing a reason for the enhanced thermal stability of 1. The molecular orbitals participating in the exo methylene-titanium bonds for 3 and 7 are also three-centered and are compatible with the assignment of their activated ligands to eta(3):eta(4)-allyldiene and eta(6)-fulvene structures, respectively. Qualitatively, the much higher thermal stability of 3 and 7 compared to that of 1 is due to the exploitation of four d orbitals in the bonding molecular orbitals for 3 and 7 versus only two d orbitals for 1.
Activation of the (Trimethylsilyl)tetramethylcyclopentadienyl Ligand in the [C<sub>5</sub>Me<sub>4</sub>(SiMe<sub>3</sub>)]<sub>2</sub>TiCl<sub>2</sub>/Mg System, Yielding Intramolecular Si−CH<sub>2</sub>−Mg and Si−CH<sub>2</sub>−Ti Bonds. Molecular Structures of {[η<sup>5</sup>-C<sub>5</sub>Me<sub>4</sub>SiMe<sub>2</sub>(μ-CH<sub>2</sub>{<i>Mg</i>,<i>Mg</i>})][η<sup>5</sup>-C<sub>5</sub>Me<sub>4</sub>(SiMe<sub>3</sub>)]Ti<sup>III</sup>(μ-H)<sub>2</sub>Mg(THF)}<sub>2</sub> and [η<sup>5</sup>:η<sup>1</sup>-C<sub>5</sub>Me<sub>4</sub>SiMe<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>][η<sup>5</sup>-C<sub>5</sub>Me<sub>4</sub>(SiMe<sub>3</sub>)]Ti<sup>III</sup>
The reduction of [C5Me4(SiMe3)](2)TiCl2 by excess Mg in THF yields the paramagnetic compound [eta(5)-C5Me4SiMe2(mu-CH2Mg,Mg})][eta(5)-C5Me4(SiMe3)]Ti-III(mu-H)(2)Mg(THF)}(2) (3). In the presence of Me3SiC=CSiMe3 the same system affords the paramagnetic compound [eta(5):eta(1)-C5Me4SiMe2CH2][eta(5)-C5Me4(SiMe3)]Ti-III (4) in 75% yield. The crystal structures of 3 and 4 reveal that one SiMe3 group in each of the compounds has been activated by hydrogen abstraction. In centrosymmetric dimer 3, two titanocene-magnesium hydride-bridged units are held together by two methylene groups which link the two Mg atoms via a two-electron-three-center Mg-C-Mg bond. In the mononuclear 4, a regular Ti-CH2 sigma-bond (2.204(5) Angstrom) binds the central Ti atom to the eta(5):eta(1)-C5Me4SiMe2CH2 ligand.