Unlike other metal fluorides, catalytic titanium tetrafluoride enhances the direct amidation of aromatic and aliphatic carboxylic acids and N-protected amino acids in refluxing toluene. While aromatic acids were converted to amides with 10 mol% of the catalyst within 24 h, aliphatic acids underwent a faster reaction (12 h), with lower catalyst loading (5 mol%). This protocol is equally efficient with
与其他
金属
氟化物不同,催化
四氟化钛增强了芳香族和脂肪族
羧酸以及N-保护的
氨基酸在回流
甲苯中的直接酰胺化。虽然
芳香酸在 10 mol% 的催化剂下在 24 小时内转化为酰胺,但
脂肪酸的反应速度更快(12 小时),且催化剂负载量较低(5 mol%)。该方案对于烷基胺和芳基胺同样有效,可提供多种甲酰胺和肽,产率达 60-99%。