Syntheses and Biological Activities of Disaccharide Daunorubicins
摘要:
Carbohydrate moiety is found in many anticancer nature products. To explore the carbohydrate moiety of daunorubicin in enhancing anticancer efficacy, several daunorubicin derivatives bearing disaccharide (1-8) have been synthesized. Their cytotoxicities were tested in leukemia K562 and colon cancer SW620 cells. Topoisomerase II (topo II) poisoning was performed with the in vivo complex of topoisomerase bioassay. In both cell lines, compounds with various terminal 2,6-dideoxy sugars (compounds 1, 3, 5, and 8) showed 30- to 60-fold higher anticancer activity than compounds with 2-deoxy- or 6-deoxy sugar (compounds 6 and 7). Compounds with an alpha-linkage between two sugar units (compound 3) showed 35-fold higher anticancer activity than compounds with a beta-linkage (compound 4). In addition, the anticancer activities of these compounds correlated with their ability to target topo II mediated genomic DNA damage in vivo. Compounds 1 and 3 with 2,6-dideoxy sugars produced more covalent topo-DNA complex than compounds with 2-deoxy sugar (6) and 6-deoxy sugar (7). Compounds with an alpha-configuration of terminal 2,6-dideoxy sugar (compounds 1 and 3) showed higher topo II poisoning than their counterparts with the beta-configuration (compounds 2 and 4). These results indicate that sugar moieties in daunorubicin play a significant role in its anticancer activity and topo II inhibition. The second sugar of disaccharide daunorubicin should possess 2,6-dideoxy with alpha-linkage to the first sugar to exhibit better anticancer activity.
A concise method for the preparation of glycosyl fluorides via displacement reactions of 1-arylthioglycosides with 4-methyl(difluoroiodo)benzene
作者:Stephen Caddick、William B. Motherwell、John A. Wilkinson
DOI:10.1039/c39910000674
日期:——
A variety of usefully functionalised 1-fluoroglycosides may be prepared under mild conditions from their corresponding arylthioglycoside derivatives by reaction with 4-methyl(difluoroiodo)benzene.
Stereoselective
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‐Glycosylations by Pyrylium Salt Organocatalysis**
作者:Michael Martin Nielsen、Thomas Holmstrøm、Christian Marcus Pedersen
DOI:10.1002/anie.202115394
日期:2022.2
A glycosylation method for non-specialists: Commercially available pyrylium salts catalyze stereoselectiveglycosylation reactions with trichloroacetimidate electrophiles. A wide range of phenolic nucleophiles are compatible with the procedure. The standard conditions involve mixing three components at ambient conditions and proceed with minimal formation of undesired by-products.
The first synthesis of cytosaminomycin C has been accomplished by employing intramolecular glycosylation for the β-selective formation of the 2′-deoxyhexopyranosyl nucleoside part as a key reaction.
细胞胺霉素 C 的首次合成是通过采用分子内糖基化来选择性形成 2'-脱氧吡喃己糖基核苷部分作为关键反应来完成的。
Preparation of 1-fluoroglycosides from 1-arylthio and 1-arylselenoglycosides using 4-methyl(difluoroiodo)benzene
Treatment of readily available thio- and selenoglycosides with the reagent 4-methyl(difluoroiodo)benzene leads to the formation of the corresponding fluoroglycosides in moderate to good yield.