Rationalisation of the stereochemical outcome of ene-reductase-mediated bioreduction of α,β-difunctionalised alkenes
作者:Elisabetta Brenna、Michele Crotti、Francesco G. Gatti、Alessia Manfredi、Daniela Monti、Fabio Parmeggiani、Andrea Pugliese、Davila Zampieri
DOI:10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.12.020
日期:2014.3
The OYE1-3-mediated reductions of some alpha,beta-difunctionalised alkenes, showing on the double bond a nitrile and ester group, are submitted to a careful stereochemical analysis, in order to identify which of the two electron-withdrawing groups (EWGs) is responsible for the activation of the C=C double bond towards reduction and for establishing hydrogen bond interactions within the binding pocket of the enzymes. The results show that for most of these substrates the activating EWG is the CN moiety linked to the prostereogenic olefinic carbon atom. The final stereochemical outcome can be explained through the empirical model which has been recently developed for difunctionalised alkenes activated by carbonyl/carboxyl containing EWGs.In a single case the activation is due to the COOR group linked to the less substituted olefinic carbon atom: an alternative empirical model is established for this kind of substrates, taking into consideration the OYE-catalysed reductions of beta,beta'-disubstituted-a-monofunctionalised alkenes. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
ADHESIVES, SEALANTS AND COATINGS CONTAINING GLASS PARTICLES AS A FILLER
申请人:Loth Helmut
公开号:US20080287574A1
公开(公告)日:2008-11-20
The invention relates to chemically or physically curable compositions suitable as adhesives or sealants or coating materials, which compositions contain at least one binding agent selected from the group comprising crosslinkable or polymerizable monomers, prepolymers, or polymers, as well as at least one filler. The filler proportion is 0.2 to 70 wt % based on the total weight of the compositions, and at least a portion of the filler is made up of glass particles having a particle size from 100 nm to 20 μm, which have been obtained by comminuting foamed neutral or acid glass.