Increased endothelial cell selectivity of triazole-bridged dihalogenated A-ring analogues of combretastatin A–1
摘要:
The antiproliferative activity on ovarian cancer (SK-OV-3) cells of a series of triazole-bridged combretastatin analogues (37, 38, 40-43) containing dihalogenation of the A-ring is reported, and compared with their trimethoxy analogues (5, 15, 39). It was found that dihalogenation with either bromine or iodine was a tolerated modification when compared to the parent compound combretastatin (CA-4, 1) and had less effect than B-ring modification on potency. These compounds exhibited G(2)/M arrest, and maintained antitubulin activity. Further assays on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) demonstrated the potential antivascular effects of these triazoles. Of particular note was a 3,5-diiodo-4-methoxyaryl triazole (43) which had promising 7-fold selectivity for HUVECs over ovarian cancer cells. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
the plasma membranetransport in mammaliancells. The remarkably higher uptake of iodinated compounds compared to that of their chloro or bromo analogues suggests that the strong halogen bonding ability of iodine atoms may play an important role in the membranetransport. This study provides a novel strategy for the transport of fluorescent molecules across the plasma membrane in living cells.
A-Ring Dihalogenation Increases the Cellular Activity of Combretastatin-Templated Tetrazoles
作者:Thomas M. Beale、Daniel M. Allwood、Andreas Bender、Peter J. Bond、James D. Brenton、D. Stephen Charnock-Jones、Steven V. Ley、Rebecca M. Myers、James W. Shearman、Jill Temple、Jessica Unger、Ciorsdaidh A. Watts、Jian Xian
DOI:10.1021/ml200149g
日期:2012.3.8
The combretastatins have been investigated for their antimitotic and antivascular properties, and it is widely postulated that a 3,4,5-trimethoxyaryl A-ring is essential to maintain potent activity. We have synthesized new tetrazole analogues (32-34), demonstrating that 3,5-dihalogenation can consistently increase potency by up to 5-fold when compared to the equivalent trimethoxy compound on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and a range of cancer cells. Moreover, this increased potency offsets that lost by installing the tetrazole bridge into combretastatin A-4 (1), giving crystalline, soluble compounds that have low nanomolar activity, arrest cells in G(2)/M phase, and retain microtubule inhibitory activity. Molecular modeling has shown that optimized packing within the binding site resulting in increased Coulombic interaction may be responsible for this improved activity.
Genetic Population Structure and Origin of Life History Types in Chinook Salmon in British Columbia, Canada
作者:David J. Teel、George B. Milner、Gary A. Winans、W. Stewart Grant
We used protein electrophoresis to examine genetic population structure and origin of life history types of chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in British Columbia, Canada. Among 31 allozyme loci resolved in 91 samples from 63 populations of chinook salmon in rivers and hatcheries throughout British Columbia, population heterozygosities averaged 0.084 (range 0.048-0.108) and were typical of values for populations in other regions. A hierarchical gene diversity analysis indicated that 91.3% of the total allele-frequency diversity was attributable to within-population variability; the remaining 8.7% was attributable to geographic variability among populations, which was partitioned into among-river (3.3%), among-area (3.5%), and among-region (1.9%) components. Two major groups of populations appeared in the principal components analysis and in cluster analysis of genetic distances. A coastal group included populations in four subgroups: Central coast, Georgia Strait, lower Fraser River, and west Vancouver Island. An inland group included six subgroups: Nass River, Skeena River, north Thompson River, upper and mid-Fraser River, south Thompson River, and lower Thompson River. The geographic extents of the inland and coastal groups largely coincided with the geographic distributions of stream- and ocean-type juvenile forms and may reflect postglacial colonization by two ancestral lineages that survived in Pleistocene refugia. The presence of genetically undifferentiated stream-type fish in coastal streams populated by ocean-type fish may reflect either postglacial life history differentiation from ancestral ocean-type fish or life history flexibility of ocean-type fish.
THE SYNTHESIS OF SOME IODATED DIPHENYL-SULFIDE PHENOLS<sup>1</sup>
作者:Shailer L. Bass、Treat B. Johnson
DOI:10.1021/ja01366a050
日期:1930.3
Wilkinson et al., Biochemical Journal, 1953, vol. 54, p. 491