Electrochemical Difunctionalization of Alkenes by a Four‐Component Reaction Cascade Mumm Rearrangement: Rapid Access to Functionalized Imides
作者:Xiaofeng Zhang、Ting Cui、Xin Zhao、Ping Liu、Peipei Sun
DOI:10.1002/anie.201913332
日期:2020.2.24
transfer. Inexpensive, commercially available arylethylenes, aryl or heterocyclic acids, acetonitrile, and alcohols were used as substrates. A wide range of aryl acids and alcohols were tolerated and provided imides in satisfactory yields. Subsequent hydrolysis of imides could be utilized to synthesize valuable amides and β-amino alcohol derivatives.
A general and direct electrochemicaldimethoxylation of olefins is reported, which enables a divergent route to different products depending on the structure of olefins. The present protocol features mild conditions and broad substrate scope (49 examples) obviating the usage of transtion‐metals and external oxidants. More importantly, to rationalize the divergent route of the transformation, an ionic‐like
Anodic oxidation of a series of substituted styrenes was investigated in methanol with a platinum and a graphite electrode. Use of the platinum anode gave mainly dimethoxylated monomers accompanied with one or more of three types of dimethoxylated dimers (αα-, αβ-, and ββ-dimers) depending on the substituents. Use of the graphite anode, however, afforded the ββ-dimers as the main product together with
To investigate the photochemical electron transfer from aromatic olefins to copper(II) or iron(III) ions, a series of substituted styrenes (1) was irradiated in the presence of copper(II) or iron(III) salts in methanol, which gave dimethoxylated monomers (2) and one or more of three types of dimethoxylated dimers [α,α- (3), α,β- (4), and β,β,-dimers (5)]. The formation of these products are reasonably
为了研究从芳族烯烃到铜 (II) 或铁 (III) 离子的光化学电子转移,在甲醇中存在铜 (II) 或铁 (III) 盐的情况下照射一系列取代的苯乙烯 (1),得到二甲氧基化单体(2)和三种二甲氧基化二聚体[α,α-(3)、α,β-(4)和β,β,-二聚体(5)]中的一种或多种。这些产物的形成合理地归因于通过电子从受激烯烃转移到金属离子而产生的烯烃的阳离子自由基的参与。发现底物上的取代基控制反应产物。
The photochemistry of 4-halobenzonitriles and 4-haloanisoles with 1,1-diphenylethene in methanol. Homolytic cleavage versus electron-transfer pathways
作者:Dino Mangion、Donald R. Arnold
DOI:10.1139/cjc-77-10-1655
日期:——
The photochemical reactivity of a series of 4-halobenzonitriles and 4-haloanisoles with 1,1-diphenylethene in a nucleophilic solvent (methanol) has been investigated. Analysis of the photochemical reactions involving the 4-halobenzonitriles revealed formation of alkene-methanol adducts, such as 1-methoxy-2,2-diphenylethane, 1-methoxy-2,2-diphenylethene, and 1,1-dimethoxy-2,2-diphenylethane, indicative of a photochemical electron-transfer mechanism. These products were not significant in the photochemical reactions involving the 4-haloanisoles. Both the 4-halobenzonitriles and the 4-haloanisoles produced an arene-alkene-methanol Markovnikov adduct, 1-aryl-2-methoxy-2,2-diphenylethane (aryl = 4-cyanophenyl or 4-methoxyphenyl). This compound was shown to undergo an acid-catalysed elimination to 1-aryl-2,2-diphenylethene under the reaction conditions, which subsequently underwent a 6 pi-electrocyclization to the 3-substituted(cyano or methoxy)-9-phenylphenanthrene. Possible mechanisms for the observed reactivity are discussed and evaluated.