摘要:
Two routes to the pyrrolizidine alkaloid (-)-integerrimine (1) are described. The first, starting from methyl (R)-(-)-3-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate, proceeded in 19 steps to integerrinecic acid lactone (5) which was transformed to the necic acid derivative 30. The latter was coupled to protected retronecine 31, and the synthesis of 1 was completed by lactonization employing Vedejs' protocol. A second, shorter synthesis of (-)-1 was accomplished via 5, starting from (R)-(+)-beta-citronellol (36). This pathway invoked Katsuki-Sharpless epoxidation of 42 for stereoselective construction of the tertiary alcohol of integerrinecic acid. A parallel sequence proceeding via the stereoisomeric epoxide 44 led to the necic acid segment 75 of the alkaloid (+)-usaramine (2). This acid was coupled to the retronecine borane 82 and then lactonized to 2.