A chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed enantioselective [2 + 2] cycloaddition of alkynylindols or alkynylnaphthols with quinones is disclosed. A class of functionalized cyclobutenes with excellent yields, diastereo- and enantioselectivities were prepared under mild reaction conditions (70 examples, up to 99% yield, 99% ee, all > 50:1 dr). Mechanistic studies revealed that a dearomatization of indole or