Optimization of the Antitumor Efficacy of a Synthetic Mitochondrial Toxin by Increasing the Residence Time in the Cytosol
                                
                                    
                                        作者:Pierre J. Dilda、Stéphanie Decollogne、Lakmini Weerakoon、Murray D. Norris、Michelle Haber、John D. Allen、Philip J. Hogg                                    
                                    
                                        DOI:10.1021/jm9008339
                                    
                                    
                                        日期:2009.10.22
                                    
                                    Plasma membrane drug efflux pumps of the multidrug resistance associated protein (MRP) family blunt the effectiveness of anticancer drugs and are often associated with drug resistance. GSAO, a tripeptide trivalent arsenical that targets a key mitochondrial transporter in angiogenic endothelial cells, is an example of a compound whose efficacy is limited by tumor cell expression of MRP isoforms 1 and 2. A cysteine mimetic analogue of GSAO was made, PENAO, which accumulates in cells 85 times faster than GSAO due to increased rate of entry and decreased rate of export via MRP1/2. The faster rate of accumulation of PENAO corresponds to a 44-fold increase in antiproliferative activity in vitro and similar to 20-fold better antitumor efficacy in vivo. This information could be used to improve the efficacy of other small molecule cancer therapeutics.