β-Naphthoflavone analogs as potent and soluble aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists: Improvement of solubility by disruption of molecular planarity
摘要:
The physiological role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is not yet fully understood, and investigation is hampered by the limited solubility of reported AhR ligands in aqueous media. To achieve improved solubility, we focused on our previous finding that planarity-disruption of molecules leads to less efficient crystal packing and greater aqueous solubility. Here, we describe chemical modification of an AhR agonist, beta-naphthoflavone, focusing on planarity-disruption. As expected, introduction of substituents at the ortho-positions of the phenyl group resulted in greater solubility. Among the compounds prepared, the fluoro analog showed more potent AhR agonistic activity and greater solubility than did b-naphthoflavone. Our results indicate that this strategy to improve aqueous solubility, that is, introduction of substituent(s) that disrupt planarity, may be generally applicable to bicyclic molecules. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
With the aid of a class of newly discovered Trost-type bisphosphine ligands bearing a chiral cycloalkane framework, the Pd-catalyzed decarboxylative dearomative asymmetric allylic alkylation (AAA) of benzofurans was achieved with high efficiency [0.2-1.0 mol% Pd2(dba)3/L], good generality and high enantioselectivity (> 30 examples, 82-99% yield and 90-96% ee). Moreover, a diversity-oriented synthesis
The physiological role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is not yet fully understood, and investigation is hampered by the limited solubility of reported AhR ligands in aqueous media. To achieve improved solubility, we focused on our previous finding that planarity-disruption of molecules leads to less efficient crystal packing and greater aqueous solubility. Here, we describe chemical modification of an AhR agonist, beta-naphthoflavone, focusing on planarity-disruption. As expected, introduction of substituents at the ortho-positions of the phenyl group resulted in greater solubility. Among the compounds prepared, the fluoro analog showed more potent AhR agonistic activity and greater solubility than did b-naphthoflavone. Our results indicate that this strategy to improve aqueous solubility, that is, introduction of substituent(s) that disrupt planarity, may be generally applicable to bicyclic molecules. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.