[2 + 1] and [2 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction of 1-Seleno-2-silylethenes to Methylenemalonate Esters: A Novel Ring Contraction of Cyclobutane to Cyclopropane
摘要:
Reaction of (E)-1-(phenylseleno)-2-silylethenes 1a-c and methylenemalonate esters 2a,b with Lewis acids (TiCl4-1/2Ti((OPr)-Pr-i)(4), BF3 . Et(2)O, SnCl2 and ZnBr2) gave [2 + 2] cycloadducts in addition to [2 + 1] cycloadducts. This is a novel mode of reactivity for 1-seleno-2-silylethenes. [2 + 1] and [2 + 2] cycloaddition can be controlled by Lewis acids, the substituents on silicon, temperature, and time. A novel rearrangement of cyclobutane to cyclopropane in the presence of ZnBr2 under reversible conditions was also discovered. The stereochemistry of the cyclopropane products was elucidated by NMR.
[2 + 1] Cycloaddition of 1-Seleno-2-silylethenes. Selenium-Assisted 1,2-Silicon Shift for Cyclopropanation
摘要:
A novel one-step [2 + 1] cycloaddition synthesis of cyclopropanes has been developed. Reaction of (E)-1-(phenylseleno)-2-silylethenes 1a,b with vinyl ketones 2a-d and acrolein (2e) in the presence of SnCl4 gave cyclopropane products by a formal [2 + 1] cycloaddition accompanied by 1,2-silicon migration rather than by [2 + 2] cycloaddition. This facile 1,2-silicon shift is rationalized by a remarkable selenium effect. A generated beta-silicon-stabilized zwitterion A is transformed by a 1,2-silicon shift to the more stable selenium-bridged intermediate C. Ab initio MO calculations for model compounds clearly demonstrate that the intermediate C is more stable than A. The selenium-bridged geometry of C shows that preference is for formation of a cyclopropane ring instead of a cyclobutane ring.
The reactions of (E)-1-(phenyl seleno)-2-(trimethylsilyl)ethene (la) and (E)-1-(phenylseleno)-2-(triethylsilyl)ethene (1b) with dimethyl 1,1-dicyanoethene-2,2-dicarboxylate (2) in the presence of SnCl4 in CH2Cl2 at -78 degrees C for 1 h exclusively afforded [2 + 2] cycloadducts 3a and 3b in 71% and 78% yields, respectively. The exclusive [2 + 2] selectivity in the reaction of 1 with 2 in the presence of SnCl4 is explained by destabilization of the proposed selenium-bridged intermediate that would lead to the [2 + 1] adduct by the presence of the two electron-withdrawing cyano groups. The reaction of la with 2 at 0 degrees C to room temperature in the presence of ZnBr2 gave a regioisomeric [2 + 2] cycloadduct 7a in low yield along with a corresponding desilylated cyclobutane 8 as the major product in moderate to good yield. The origin of the Lewis acid dependence of the regioselectivity was deduced from a theoretical comparison of stability of Lewis acid complexes.
Yamazaki Shoko, Tanaka Mayumi, Yamaguchi Akio, Yamabe Shinichi, J. Amer. Chem. Soc, 116 (1994) N 6, S 2356-2365
A novel one-step [2 + 1] cycloaddition synthesis of cyclopropanes has been developed. Reaction of (E)-1-(phenylseleno)-2-silylethenes 1a,b with vinyl ketones 2a-d and acrolein (2e) in the presence of SnCl4 gave cyclopropane products by a formal [2 + 1] cycloaddition accompanied by 1,2-silicon migration rather than by [2 + 2] cycloaddition. This facile 1,2-silicon shift is rationalized by a remarkable selenium effect. A generated beta-silicon-stabilized zwitterion A is transformed by a 1,2-silicon shift to the more stable selenium-bridged intermediate C. Ab initio MO calculations for model compounds clearly demonstrate that the intermediate C is more stable than A. The selenium-bridged geometry of C shows that preference is for formation of a cyclopropane ring instead of a cyclobutane ring.
[2 + 1] and [2 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction of 1-Seleno-2-silylethenes to Methylenemalonate Esters: A Novel Ring Contraction of Cyclobutane to Cyclopropane
Reaction of (E)-1-(phenylseleno)-2-silylethenes 1a-c and methylenemalonate esters 2a,b with Lewis acids (TiCl4-1/2Ti((OPr)-Pr-i)(4), BF3 . Et(2)O, SnCl2 and ZnBr2) gave [2 + 2] cycloadducts in addition to [2 + 1] cycloadducts. This is a novel mode of reactivity for 1-seleno-2-silylethenes. [2 + 1] and [2 + 2] cycloaddition can be controlled by Lewis acids, the substituents on silicon, temperature, and time. A novel rearrangement of cyclobutane to cyclopropane in the presence of ZnBr2 under reversible conditions was also discovered. The stereochemistry of the cyclopropane products was elucidated by NMR.