Alkylphenols from the Roots of <i>Ardisia brevicaulis</i> Induce G1 Arrest and Apoptosis through Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway in Human Non-small-cell Lung Cancer Cells
作者:Guo-Yuan Zhu、Blenda Chi Kwan Wong、Aiping Lu、Zhao-Xiang Bian、Ge Zhang、Hu-Biao Chen、Yuen Fan Wong、Wang-Fun Fong、Zhijun Yang
DOI:10.1248/cpb.c12-00302
日期:——
From the roots of Ardisia brevicaulis DIELS, two new alkylphenol derivatives, named ardisiphenol E (2) and F (3), have been isolated together with a known alkylphenol, ardisiphenol D (1). The structures of 1–3 were elucidated by chemical and spectroscopic techniques. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited strong cytotoxicities on two human non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines (H1299 and A549). We found that compounds 1 and 2 upregulated mRNA and protein expressions of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers including C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), binding immunoglobulin protein (Bip) and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) indicating 1 and 2 are novel natural ER stress inducers. Treatments with 1 and 5 µM of 1 or 2 triggered G1 arrest in H1299 and A549 cells with concomitant downregulation of ubiquitin fusion degradation protein 1 (Ufd1) and S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2) proteins and the accumulation of p27, the key axes of ER stress-mediated G1 arrest. Compounds 1 and 2 also induced apoptosis at high concentrations (10, 20 µM) which was shown to be coupled with the upregulation of CHOP and Bim, the activation of caspase-9, caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. These results indicate that compounds 1 and 2 induce ER stress that subsequently causes G1 arrest and apoptosis in human non-small-cell lung cancer cells and they may have potential anticancer effects.
从蒿子 D<小>ILS小>的根中分离出了两种新的烷基酚衍生物,分别命名为蒿子酚 E(2)和蒿子酚 F(3),以及一种已知的烷基酚--蒿子酚 D(1)。通过化学和光谱技术阐明了 1-3 的结构。化合物 1 和 2 对两种人类非小细胞肺癌细胞系(H1299 和 A549)具有很强的细胞毒性。我们发现化合物 1 和 2 上调了内质网(ER)应激标志物的 mRNA 和蛋白质表达,包括 C/EBP 同源蛋白(CHOP)、结合免疫球蛋白(Bip)和肌醇需要酶 1(IRE1),这表明 1 和 2 是新型的天然 ER 应激诱导剂。用 1 µM 和 5 µM 的 1 或 2 处理 H1299 和 A549 细胞会引发 G1 期停滞,同时泛素融合降解蛋白 1 (Ufd1) 和 S 期激酶相关蛋白 2 (Skp2) 蛋白会下调,p27 也会积累,而这正是 ER 应激介导的 G1 期停滞的关键轴。高浓度(10、20 µ<小>M小>)化合物 1 和 2 还能诱导细胞凋亡,这与 CHOP 和 Bim 的上调、caspase-9、caspase-3 的活化以及多聚(ADP-核糖)聚合酶(PARP)的裂解有关。这些结果表明,化合物 1 和 2 可诱导 ER 应激,进而导致人类非小细胞肺癌细胞 G1 停止和凋亡,它们可能具有潜在的抗癌作用。