ampicillin | 856649-99-5

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机酸及其衍生物 - 羧酸及其衍生物
• 英文名称: ampicillin
• 英文别名: 6β-((R)-2-amino-2-phenyl-acetylamino)-penicillanic acid；6-<(D,L-α-Amino-α-phenylacetyl)amino>penicillansaeure；6-<α-Amino-phenylacetylamino>-penicillansaeure；6-<4a-Amino-phenylacetylamino>-penicillansaeure；D-(-)-α-Aminobenzylpenicillin；DL-α-Amino-benzyl-penicillin；6-[(2-Azaniumyl-2-phenylacetyl)amino]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylate
• CAS: 856649-99-5
• 化学式: C₁₆H₁₉N₃O₄S
• mdl: MFCD00126984
• 分子量: 349.411
• InChiKey: AVKUERGKIZMTKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -1.1
• 重原子数：
  24
• 可旋转键数：
  4
• 环数：
  3.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.44
• 拓扑面积：
  138
• 氢给体数：
  3
• 氢受体数：
  6

ADMET

毒理性

• 在妊娠和哺乳期间的影响

◉ 母乳喂养期间使用总结：大量信息表明，氨苄西林在乳汁中产生的水平较低，预计不会对哺乳婴儿造成不良影响。偶尔有报道称青霉素会破坏婴儿的胃肠道菌群，导致腹泻或鹅口疮，但这些影响尚未得到充分评估。氨苄西林在哺乳母亲中是可以接受的。 ◉ 对哺乳婴儿的影响：在一项非控制的观察中，服用氨苄西林的哺乳母亲的婴儿似乎出现了腹泻和念珠菌病增加的情况，这被归因于母乳中的氨苄西林。[7] 在一项前瞻性随访研究中，5位哺乳母亲报告服用氨苄西林（剂量未指定）。一位母亲报告她的婴儿出现腹泻。暴露的婴儿中没有报道出现皮疹或念珠菌病。[8] 在一项小型、对照的前瞻性研究中，让母亲监测她们的婴儿是否有不良反应的迹象（舌头增厚、喂养困难、大便频率和性质的改变、尿布疹和皮疹）。还记录了体重变化和黄疸的发展。在这些参数上，对照组母亲的婴儿和服用氨苄西林的母亲的婴儿之间没有发现统计上的差异。[9] ◉ 对泌乳和母乳的影响：截至修订日期，没有找到相关的已发布信息。

◉ Summary of Use during Lactation:Substantial information indicates that ampicillin produces low levels in milk that are not expected to cause adverse effects in breastfed infants. Occasionally disruption of the infant's gastrointestinal flora, resulting in diarrhea or thrush have been reported with penicillins, but these effects have not been adequately evaluated. Ampicillin is acceptable in nursing mothers. ◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants:An uncontrolled observation of the breastfed infants of mothers taking ampicillin noted a seeming increase in cases of diarrhea and candidiasis that was attributed to ampicillin in breastmilk.[7] In a prospective follow-up study, 5 nursing mothers reported taking ampicillin (dosage unspecified). One mother reported diarrhea in her infant. No rashes or candidiasis were reported among the exposed infants.[8] A small, controlled, prospective study had mothers monitor their infants for signs of adverse effects (furring of the tongue, feeding difficulties, changes in stool frequency and consistency, diaper rash, and skin rash). Weight change and the development of jaundice were also recorded. No statistical differences in these parameters were found between the infants of the control mothers and those of mothers taking ampicillin.[9] ◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk:Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.

来源:Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed)

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  聚合甲醛 、 N-n-pentyl dithiocarbamic acid Potassium Salt 、 ampicillin 生成
  参考文献：
  名称：

  氨苄青霉素四氢-2H-1,3,5-噻二嗪-2-硫酮新衍生物的合成及抗菌活性

  摘要：

  通过氨苄青霉素三水合物、甲醛和二硫代氨基甲酸盐的反应合成了具有α-[二氢-5-取代的6-硫代-2H-1,3,5-噻二嗪-3(4H)-基]苄青霉素结构的化合物。从化学和光谱分析中可以明显看出结构。研究了这些化合物对一些革兰氏阳性菌（金黄色葡萄球菌和粪链球菌）和革兰氏阴性菌（大肠杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌）和一些酵母样真菌（白色念珠菌、近平滑念珠菌、星状念珠菌和星状芽孢杆菌）的抗菌活性C.pseudotropicalis) 和霉菌如红色毛癣菌、须癣毛癣菌、犬小孢子菌、石膏分枝杆菌、青霉菌和曲霉属通过管稀释法。除了 MIC（最小抑制浓度），MBC（最低杀菌浓度）和 MFC（最低杀菌浓度）值以氨苄青霉素三水合物为标准测定。通常发现合成的化合物对金黄色葡萄球菌和粪链球菌的作用与氨苄西林三水合物一样有效，而对大肠杆菌的作用不如氨苄西林三水合物。合成的化合物和氨苄青霉素三水合物在所研究的浓度下均对铜绿假单胞菌无

  DOI：

  10.1002/ardp.19903230910

文献信息

• ANTI-BACTERIAL SIDEROPHORE-AMINOPENICILLIN CONJUGATES
  申请人：UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME DU LAC

  公开号：US20130281424A1

  公开（公告）日：2013-10-24

  An artificial tris-catecolate siderophore with a tripodal backbone and its conjugates with ampicillin and amoxicillin were synthesized. Both conjugates exhibited significantly enhanced in vitro antibacterial activities against Gram-negative species compared to the parent drugs, especially against P. aeruginosa . The conjugates appear to be assimilated by an induced bacterial iron transport process as their activities were inversely related to iron concentration. The easily synthesized tris-catecolate siderophores can be used with a variety of drugs as conjugates to target antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria.

  合成了一种具有三脚架骨架的人工三儿茶酚鞘铁素及其与氨苄青霉素和阿莫西林的结合物。与母药相比，这两种结合物在体外抗菌活性明显增强，特别是对铜绿假单胞菌的抗菌活性。这些结合物似乎通过诱导的细菌铁运输过程被同化，因为它们的活性与铁浓度呈负相关。易于合成的三儿茶酚鞘铁素可以与各种药物结合，以靶向抗生素耐药的革兰氏阴性细菌。
• COMPOSITION FOR HARDENING SOFT TISSUE
  申请人：THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF KOREA INDUSTRY-ACADEMIC COOPERATION FOUNDATION

  公开号：US20190315770A1

  公开（公告）日：2019-10-17

  The present invention relates to various compounds capable of temporarily hardening soft tissue for surgical suturing of the soft tissue. The compounds according to the present invention can temporarily increase the hardness or tension of soft tissue, thereby improving the suturing efficiency during suturing of the soft tissue, thereby preventing aftereffects or the like from occurring due to insufficient anastomosis. In addition, the compounds according to the present invention can temporarily increase the hardness or tension of soft tissue, particularly pancreas, thereby increasing the suturing efficiency during pancreaticoduodenectomy and effectively preventing pancreatic leakage.

  本发明涉及各种能够暂时硬化软组织以进行软组织缝合的化合物。根据本发明的化合物可以暂时增加软组织的硬度或张力，从而在缝合软组织时提高缝合效率，防止由于吻合不足而产生的后遗症或类似问题的发生。此外，根据本发明的化合物可以暂时增加软组织，特别是胰腺的硬度或张力，从而在胰十二指肠切除术期间提高缝合效率并有效预防胰液漏出。
• [EN] LUMINESCENT METAL COMPLEXES FOR MONITORING RENAL FUNCTION<br/>[FR] COMPLEXES MÉTALLIQUES LUMINESCENTS POUR LA SURVEILLANCE DES FONCTIONS RÉNALES
  申请人：MALLINCKRODT INC

  公开号：WO2006026038A1

  公开（公告）日：2006-03-09

  Some embodiments of the present invention may be said to be directed to metal complexes of Formula I, wherein at least one of X1, X2, X3, R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 is what may be characterized as an antenna capable of providing (e.g., absorbing and/or emitting) an appropriate electromagnetic signal. Some embodiments of the present invention are directed to ligands corresponding to metal complexes of Formula I. Some embodiments of the invention are directed to methods of determining renal function using at least one metal complex of Formula I.

  本发明的某些实施例可被称为公式I的金属配合物，其中X1、X2、X3、R1、R2、R3、R4和R5中至少一个可被表征为天线，能够提供（例如吸收和/或发射）适当的电磁信号。本发明的某些实施例涉及与公式I的金属配合物相对应的配体。本发明的某些实施例涉及使用至少一个公式I的金属配合物来确定肾功能的方法。
• PREPARATIVE METHOD AND APPLICATION OF ZN(II)-CURCUMIN COMPLEX AND ZN(II)-CURCUMIN SOLID DISPERSIONS
  申请人：Mei Xueting

  公开号：US20100261923A1

  公开（公告）日：2010-10-14

  This invention revealed the preparative method and applications of a Zn(II)-curcumin complex and its solid dispersions. The mass ration of Zn(II)-curcumin complex and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) K30 was 1:1˜1:28. The Zn(II)-curcumin complex was synthesized by mixing equimolar amounts of zinc acetate and curcumin in dry ethanol and refluxing the mixture under a nitrogen atmosphere. The Zn(II)-curcumin complex precipitated, and the solid was separated by filtration and washed several times by water and ethanol to remove any unreacted curcumin and zinc acetate. Zn(II)-curcumin and PVP-k30 were added to absolute ethanol to produce a suspension by cryo-grinding under a nitrogen atmosphere. SDs of Zn(II)-curcumin/PVP were produced with a spray dryer. Zn(II)-curcumin SDs showed predominant effects in curing various senile diseases by tackling disadvantages of curcumin and surmounted the problems of monoindication and unideal therapeutic efficacy general existed in drugs for senile disease treatment. This invention is of simple preparing method and extensive application prospects.

  这项发明揭示了一种Zn（II）-姜黄素复合物及其固体分散体的制备方法和应用。 Zn（II）-姜黄素复合物和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）K30的质量比为1：1〜1：28。通过在干燥乙醇中混合等摩尔量的乙酸锌和姜黄素，并在氮气氛下回流混合物来合成Zn（II）-姜黄素复合物。 Zn（II）-姜黄素复合物沉淀，固体经过过滤分离，并用水和乙醇洗涤多次，以去除任何未反应的姜黄素和乙酸锌。将Zn（II）-姜黄素和PVP-k30添加到绝对乙醇中，通过氮气氛下的冷冻研磨产生悬浮液。使用喷雾干燥器制备Zn（II）-姜黄素/ PVP的SD。 Zn（II）-姜黄素SD在治疗各种老年病方面具有卓越的效果，克服了姜黄素的缺点，并解决了老年疾病治疗药物中存在的单一指示和不理想的治疗效果问题。该发明具有简单的制备方法和广泛的应用前景。
• [EN] MODIFIED PYRAZINE DERIVATIVES AND USES THEREOF<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉS MODIFIÉS DE PYRAZINE ET LEURS UTILISATIONS
  申请人：MALLINCKRODT INC

  公开号：WO2010078025A1

  公开（公告）日：2010-07-08

  Provided herein are compounds, preparations and formulations comprising pyrazine derivatives having multiple poly(ethylene glycol) containing substituents. Many of the compounds disclosed herein are excretable by the renal system of a subject or patient and are useful for visualizing the renal system of a subject or patient. Upon excitation by electromagnetic radiation, a number of the compounds disclosed herein exhibit luminescence and are externally detectable when present in the body fluid of a patient or subject. Also provided herein are methods for visualizing the renal system of a subject or patient.

  本文提供了含有多个聚乙二醇取代基的吡嗪衍生物的化合物、制剂和配方。其中许多化合物可通过受试者或患者的肾系统排泄，并可用于可视化受试者或患者的肾系统。在电磁辐射的激发下，本文披露的一些化合物表现出发光性，并在患者或受试者的体液中存在时可外部检测到。本文还提供了可视化受试者或患者的肾系统的方法。