Orellanine | 37338-80-0

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机杂环化合物 - 吡啶及其衍生物
• 英文名称: Orellanine
• 英文别名: 2-(1,3-dihydroxy-4-oxopyridin-2-yl)-1,3-dihydroxypyridin-4-one
• CAS: 37338-80-0
• 化学式: C₁₀H₈N₂O₆
• 分子量: 252.18
• InChiKey: JGRNMEQUBVRSQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 沸点：
  834.6±65.0 °C(Predicted)
• 密度：
  1.77±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted)

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -1
• 重原子数：
  18
• 可旋转键数：
  1
• 环数：
  2.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  122
• 氢给体数：
  4
• 氢受体数：
  8

ADMET

毒理性

• 毒性总结

带有带电氮原子的联吡啶会混淆生物体中的重要氧化还原反应，'窃取'一个或两个电子，有时甚至使电子绕过进入其他往往不受欢迎的氧化还原反应。最终产物可能是过氧化物或超氧离子，后者对细胞尤其对肾细胞有害。

Bipyridines with charged nitrogen atoms confound important redox reactions in organisms, ‘stealing’ one or two electrons and sometimes bypass the electrons into other and often undesirable redox reactions. The terminal product can be peroxide or superoxide ions, the latter of which is harmful to the cells, especially kidney cells. (L998)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

对人类不具有致癌性（未被国际癌症研究机构IARC列名）。

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

症状之后是早期肾衰竭（极度口渴、频繁排尿、肾区和周围疼痛），最终出现尿量减少或无尿以及其他肾衰竭的症状。如果未经治疗，将会导致死亡。（L998）

The symptoms are followed by early stages of renal failure (immense thirst, frequent urination, pain on and around the kidneys) and eventually decreased or nonexistent urine output and other symptoms of renal failure occur. If left untreated death will follow. (L998)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

口服、皮肤、吸入和parenteral（被污染的药物）。

Oral, dermal, inhalation, and parenteral (contaminated drugs). (A3101)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 症状

在人类中，摄入肾毒素奥雷兰因的特征之一是潜伏期长；最初的症状通常在摄入后2-3天出现，某些情况下可能需要长达3周的时间。奥雷兰因中毒的最初症状与普通流感相似（恶心、呕吐、胃痛、头痛、肌肉痛等）。

In humans, a characteristic of poisoning by the nephrotoxin orellanine is the long latency; the first symptoms usually do not appear until 2–3 days after ingestion and can in some cases take as long as 3 weeks. The first symptoms of orellanine poisoning are similar to the common flu (nausea, vomiting, stomach pains, headaches, myalgia, etc) (L998)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

吸收、分配和排泄

一名患有急性肾小管间质性肾炎的妇女在故意摄入毒茸伞（Cortinarius orellanus）十天后被送往医院。生物流体和肾活检中检测到了主要毒素奥雷兰素（orellanine），这是导致奥雷兰素中毒的原因。通过在二维薄层色谱图上特定的光降解成奥雷兰（orelline）后，使用直接光谱荧光法进行了测定。摄入十天后血浆中的奥雷兰素浓度为6.12毫克/升。肾活检中的奥雷兰素水平为第一次活检（摄入后13天）每25立方毫米7微克，第二次活检（六个月后）每8立方毫米24微克。

A woman suffering from acute tubulo-interstitial nephritis was admitted to the hospital ten days after deliberate intoxication by ingestion of Cortinarius orellanus. Orellanine, the main toxin responsible for orellanine poisoning, was detected in biological fluids and renal biopsies. It was assayed by direct spectrofluorimetry on two-dimensional thin-layer chromatograms after specific photodecomposition into orelline. The orellanine concentration was 6.12 mg/L in the plasma (10 days after ingestion). Orellanine levels in renal biopsies were 7 ug per 25 cu mm of the first biopsy (13 days after ingestion) and 24 ug per 8 cu mm of the second biopsy (6 months later).

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

• 海关编码：
  2933399090

制备方法与用途

类别：有毒物质
毒性分级：剧毒
急性毒性：口服-小鼠 LD50: 33 毫克/公斤；腹腔-小鼠 LD50: 12.48 毫克/公斤
可燃性危险特性：可燃；火场分解产生有毒氮氧化物气体
储运特性：库房低温、通风、干燥；与食品原料分开存放
灭火剂：水、二氧化碳、干粉、砂土