S-nitrosoglutathione(1-)

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机酸及其衍生物 - 羧酸及其衍生物
• 英文名称: S-nitrosoglutathione(1-)
• 英文别名: (2S)-2-azaniumyl-5-[[(2R)-1-(carboxylatomethylamino)-3-nitrososulfanyl-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-5-oxopentanoate
• 化学式: C10H15N4O7S-
• 分子量: 335.32
• InChiKey: HYHSBSXUHZOYLX-WDSKDSINSA-M

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -3.5
• 重原子数：
  22
• 可旋转键数：
  8
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.6
• 拓扑面积：
  221
• 氢给体数：
  3
• 氢受体数：
  9

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  氢(+1)阳离子 、 NADPH(4-) 、 S-nitrosoglutathione(1-) 生成 NADP⁺ 、 Glutathione sulfinamide
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Human Carbonyl Reductase 1 Is an S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase

  摘要：

  Human carbonyl reductase 1 (hCBR1) is an NADPH-dependent short chain dehydrogenase/reductase with broad substrate specificity and is thought to be responsible for the in vivo reduction of quinones, prostaglandins, and other carbonyl-containing compounds including xenobiotics. In addition, hCBR1 possesses a glutathione binding site that allows for increased affinity toward GSH-conjugated molecules. It has been suggested that the GSH-binding site is near the active site; however, no structures with GSH or GSH conjugates have been reported. We have solved the x-ray crystal structures of hCBR1 and a substrate mimic in complex with GSH and the catalytically inert GSH conjugate hydroxymethylglutathione (HMGSH). The structures reveal the GSH-binding site and provide insight into the affinity determinants for GSH-conjugated substrates. We further demonstrate that the structural isostere of HMGSH, S-nitrosoglutathione, is an ideal hCBR1 substrate (K-m = 30 mu M, k(cat) = 450 min(-1)) with kinetic constants comparable with the best known hCBR1 substrates. Furthermore, we demonstrate that hCBR1 dependent GSNO reduction occurs in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell lysates and suggest that hCBR1 may be involved in regulation of tissue levels of GSNO.

  DOI：

  10.1074/jbc.m807125200

文献信息

• Human Carbonyl Reductase 1 Is an S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase
  作者：Raynard L. Bateman、Daniel Rauh、Brandon Tavshanjian、Kevan M. Shokat

  DOI：10.1074/jbc.m807125200

  日期：2008.12

  Human carbonyl reductase 1 (hCBR1) is an NADPH-dependent short chain dehydrogenase/reductase with broad substrate specificity and is thought to be responsible for the in vivo reduction of quinones, prostaglandins, and other carbonyl-containing compounds including xenobiotics. In addition, hCBR1 possesses a glutathione binding site that allows for increased affinity toward GSH-conjugated molecules. It has been suggested that the GSH-binding site is near the active site; however, no structures with GSH or GSH conjugates have been reported. We have solved the x-ray crystal structures of hCBR1 and a substrate mimic in complex with GSH and the catalytically inert GSH conjugate hydroxymethylglutathione (HMGSH). The structures reveal the GSH-binding site and provide insight into the affinity determinants for GSH-conjugated substrates. We further demonstrate that the structural isostere of HMGSH, S-nitrosoglutathione, is an ideal hCBR1 substrate (K-m = 30 mu M, k(cat) = 450 min(-1)) with kinetic constants comparable with the best known hCBR1 substrates. Furthermore, we demonstrate that hCBR1 dependent GSNO reduction occurs in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell lysates and suggest that hCBR1 may be involved in regulation of tissue levels of GSNO.
• AKR1A1 is a novel mammalian S-nitroso-glutathione reductase
  作者：Colin T. Stomberski、Puneet Anand、Nicholas M. Venetos、Alfred Hausladen、Hua-Lin Zhou、Richard T. Premont、Jonathan S. Stamler

  DOI：10.1074/jbc.ra119.011067

  日期：2019.11

  Oxidative modification of Cys residues by NO results in S-nitrosylation, a ubiquitous post-translational modification and a primary mediator of redox-based cellular signaling. Steady-state levels of S-nitrosylated proteins are largely determined by denitrosylase enzymes that couple NAD(P)H oxidation with reduction of S-nitrosothiols, including protein and low-molecular-weight (LMW) S-nitrosothiols (S-nitroso-GSH (GSNO) and S-nitroso-CoA (SNO-CoA)). SNO-CoA reductases require NADPH, whereas enzymatic reduction of GSNO can involve either NADH or NADPH. Notably, GSNO reductase (GSNOR, Adh5) accounts for most NADH-dependent GSNOR activity, whereas NADPH-dependent GSNOR activity is largely unaccounted for (CBR1 mediates a minor portion). Here, we de novo purified NADPH-coupled GSNOR activity from mammalian tissues and identified aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1 (AKR1A1), the archetypal mammalian SNO-CoA reductase, as a primary mediator of NADPH-coupled GSNOR activity in these tissues. Kinetic analyses suggested an AKR1A1 substrate preference of SNO-CoA > GSNO. AKR1A1 deletion from murine tissues dramatically lowered NADPH-dependent GSNOR activity. Conversely, GSNOR-deficient mice had increased AKR1A1 activity, revealing potential cross-talk among GSNO-dependent denitrosylases. Molecular modeling and mutagenesis of AKR1A1 identified Arg-312 as a key residue mediating the specific interaction with GSNO; in contrast, substitution of the SNO-CoA?binding residue Lys-127 minimally affected the GSNO-reducing activity of AKR1A1. Together, these findings indicate that AKR1A1 is a multi-LMW-SNO reductase that can distinguish between and metabolize the two major LMW-SNO signaling molecules GSNO and SNO-CoA, allowing for wide-ranging control of protein S-nitrosylation under both physiological and pathological conditions.