氢(+1)阳离子 | 12408-02-5

• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 均质非金属化合物 - 其他非金属有机物
• 中文名称: 氢(+1)阳离子
• 英文名称: Hydrogen cation
• 英文别名: hydron
• CAS: 12408-02-5
• 化学式: H+
• 分子量: 1.008
• InChiKey: GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 物理描述：
  Solid

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  0
• 重原子数：
  0
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  0
• 氢给体数：
  1
• 氢受体数：
  0

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  N5-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide 、 氢(+1)阳离子 生成 5-amino-1-(5-phosphonato-D-ribosyl)imidazolium-4-carboxylate(2-)
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Evidence for the Direct Transfer of the Carboxylate of N⁵-Carboxyaminoimidazole Ribonucleotide (N⁵-CAIR) To Generate 4-Carboxy-5-aminoimidazole Ribonucleotide Catalyzed by Escherichia coli PurE, an N⁵-CAIR Mutase

  摘要：

  Formation of 4-carboxy-5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide (CAIR) in the purine pathway in most prokaryotes requires ATP, HCO3-, aminoimidazole ribonucleotide (AIR), and the gene products PurK and PurE. PurK catalyzes the conversion of AIR to N-5-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide (N-5-CAIR) in a reaction that requires both ATP and HCO3-. PurE catalyzes the unusual rearrangement of N-5-CAIR to CAIR. To investigate the mechanism of this rearrangement, [4,7-C-13]-N-5-CAIR and [7-C-14]NS-CAIR were synthesized and separately incubated with PurE in the presence of ATP, aspartate, and 4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide (SAICAR) synthetase (PurC). The SAICAR produced was isolated and analyzed by NMR spectroscopy or scintillation counting, respectively. The PurC trapping of CAIR as SAICAR was required because of the reversibility of the PurE reaction. Results from both experiments reveal that the carboxylate group of the carbamate of N-5-CAIR is transferred directly to generate CAIR without equilibration with CO2/HCO3- in solution. The mechanistic implications of these results relative to the PurE-only (CO2- and AIR-requiring) AIR carboxylases are discussed.

  DOI：

  10.1021/bi9827159
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  D-galactaro-1,4-lactone(1-) 生成 2,3-Dihydroxy-5-oxo-hexanedioate 、 氢(+1)阳离子
  参考文献：
  名称：

  根癌农杆菌中参与果胶降解的 D-半乳糖酰-1,4-内酯环异构酶的纯化、结晶和结构解析。

  摘要：

  果胶存在于植物细胞壁中，通常被作为废物丢弃。许多研究小组有兴趣将这种生物质废物流重新用于燃料和大宗化学品的生产。这种多糖的主要单体亚基是 D-半乳糖醛酸，这是一种六碳酸糖，可通过一些细菌（包括根癌农杆菌）通过五步途径降解为中心代谢中间体。在该途径的第三步中，D-半乳糖苷-1,4-内酯被烯醇酶超家族的扁桃酸消旋酶亚组的成员转化为 2-酮-3-脱氧-L-苏式-六酸酯，具有以下新活性：超家族。确定了该酶的 1.6 Å 分辨率结构，揭示了整体修饰的 (β/α) 7 β TIM 桶结构域，这是该超家族的标志。D-Galactaro-1,4-内酯手动对接至位于 N 端盖结构域和 C 端桶结构域之间界面的活性位点。根据内酯在活性位点中的位置，Lys166 预计是负责提取 α 质子的活性位点碱基。预计活性位点另一侧的 His296 是在内酯环打开时向 β 碳提供质子的一般酸。内酯环似乎通过与 Trp298

  DOI：

  10.1107/s2053230x15023286

文献信息

• Characterization of Two Isoforms of Mouse 3(17).ALPHA.-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases of the Aldo-Keto Reductase Family
  作者：Syuhei Ishikura、Noriyuki Usami、Satoko Nakajima、Akiko Kameyama、Hiroaki Shiraishi、Vincenzo Carbone、Ossama El-Kabbani、Akira Hara

  DOI：10.1248/bpb.27.1939

  日期：——

  Mouse kidney contains two 3(17)α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDs) that show essentially the same properties except for their isoelectric points. However, the structural differences and physiological roles of the two enzymes remain unknown. In this study, we have isolated cDNAs for the two 3(17)α-HSDs from a total RNA sample of mouse kidney by reverse transcription-PCR. The identity of the cDNAs was confirmed by characterization of the recombinant enzymes that showed the same molecular weights, pI values, pH optima, substrate specificity and inhibitor sensitivity as those of the enzymes from mouse kidney. We also found that the recombinant enzymes reduce precursors of neuroactive progesterone derivatives, 5α-dihydrotestoserone, deoxycorticosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and estrone at low Km values of 0.3—2 μM. The two enzymes belonged to the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) family, and their 323-amino acid sequences differed only by five amino acids. The sequences of the two isoforms are identical to those of proteins that are predicted to be encoded in a gene for AKR1C21 in the database of the mouse genome. However, the mRNAs for the two isoforms were expressed in mouse kidney and other tissues, in which their expression levels were different. The results indicate an important role of 3(17)α-HSD in controlling the concentrations of various steroid hormones in the mouse tissues, and suggest the existence of two genes for the two isoforms of the enzyme.

  小鼠肾脏含有两种3(17)α-羟基类固醇脱氢酶(HSD)，它们的基本性质相同，除了等电点不同。然而，这两种酶的结构差异和生理作用仍然未知。在本研究中，我们通过逆向转录-PCR从小鼠肾脏总RNA样本中分离得到了两种3(17)α-HSD的cDNA。通过重组酶的特性鉴定确认了cDNA的身份，这些重组酶显示出与小鼠肾脏来源酶相同的分子量、等电点、pH最适值、底物特异性和抑制剂敏感性。我们还发现，这些重组酶能以低Km值0.3—2 μM还原神经活性孕酮衍生物前体、5α-二氢睾酮、去氧皮质酮、脱氢表雄酮、脱氢表雄酮硫酸酯和雌酮。这两种酶属于醛酮还原酶（AKR）家族，它们的323个氨基酸序列仅相差五个氨基酸。这两种异构体的序列与预测在老鼠基因组数据库中的AKR1C21基因编码的蛋白质序列一致。然而，这两种异构体的mRNA在小鼠肾脏和其他组织中表达，其表达水平不同。结果表明，3(17)α-HSD在小鼠组织中控制各种类固醇激素的浓度中起着重要作用，并提示这两种酶异构体存在两种基因。
• Enzyme-Catalyzed Intramolecular Enantioselective Hydroalkoxylation
  作者：Shu-Shan Gao、Marc Garcia-Borràs、Joyann S. Barber、Yang Hai、Abing Duan、Neil K. Garg、K. N. Houk、Yi Tang

  DOI：10.1021/jacs.7b01089

  日期：2017.3.15

  method of forming C-O bonds and cyclic ethers in synthetic chemistry. In studying the biosynthesis of the fungal natural product herqueinone, we identified an enzyme that can perform an intramolecular enantioselective hydroalkoxylation reaction. PhnH catalyzes the addition of a phenol to the terminal olefin of a reverse prenyl group to give a dihydrobenzofuran product. The enzyme accelerates the reaction

  氢烷氧基化是合成化学中形成 CO 键和环醚的一种强大而有效的方法。在研究真菌天然产物 Herqueinone 的生物合成过程中，我们确定了一种可以进行分子内对映选择性加氢烷氧基化反应的酶。PhnH 催化苯酚加成到反向异戊二烯基的末端烯烃，得到二氢苯并呋喃产物。与未催化的反应相比，该酶将反应加速了 3 × 105 倍。PhnH 属于具有未知功能域 (DUF3237) 的蛋白质超家族，其中没有成员具有先前已验证的功能。PhnH 的发现表明酶可用于促进对映选择性加氢烷氧基化反应并形成环醚。
• Characterization and Mechanistic Studies of DesII: A Radical <i>S-</i>Adenosyl-<scp>l</scp>-methionine Enzyme Involved in the Biosynthesis of TDP-<scp>d</scp>-Desosamine
  作者：Ping-Hui Szu、Mark W. Ruszczycky、Sei-hyun Choi、Feng Yan、Hung-wen Liu

  DOI：10.1021/ja903354k

  日期：2009.10.7

  Previous genetic and biochemical studies of the biosynthesis of desosamine in S. venezuelae showed that the conversion of TDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-D-glucose (8) to TDP-3-keto-4,6-dideoxy-D-glucose (9) is catalyzed by DesII, which is a member of the radical S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) enzyme superfamily. Here, we report the purification and reconstitution of His(6)-tagged DesII, characterization of its [4Fe-4S]

  D-脱糖胺 (1) 是一种 3-(N,N-二甲氨基)-3,4,6-三脱氧己糖，存在于多种大环内酯类抗生素中，包括甲霉素 (2)、新甲霉素 (3)、匹克霉素 (4) 和纳博霉素(5)由委内瑞拉链霉菌产生。它在赋予其亲本苷元生物活性方面发挥着重要作用。以前对委内瑞拉沙门氏菌中去糖胺生物合成的遗传和生化研究表明，TDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-D-glucose (8) 转化为 TDP-3-keto-4,6-dideoxy- D-葡萄糖 (9) 由 DesII 催化，DesII 是自由基 S-腺苷-L-甲硫氨酸 (SAM) 酶超家族的成员。在这里，我们报告了 His(6) 标记的 DesII 的纯化和重建，使用 UV-vis 和 EPR 光谱对其 [4Fe-4S] 簇的表征，以及黄素氧还蛋白、黄素氧还蛋白还原酶、和 NADPH 以减少 [4Fe-4S](2+) 簇。还包括 DesII
• A chemoenzymatic route to N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate analogues: substrate specificity investigations of N-acetylhexosamine 1-kinase
  作者：Li Cai、Wanyi Guan、Motomitsu Kitaoka、Jie Shen、Chengfeng Xia、Wenlan Chen、Peng George Wang

  DOI：10.1039/b904853g

  日期：——

  Reports an efficient chemoenzymatic production of an N-acetylhexosamine 1-phophate analogues library by N-acetylhexosamine 1-kinase (NahK) and describes the respective substrate specificity on this enzyme.

  报告了一种通过N-乙酰氨基己糖1-激酶（NahK）高效化学酶法生产N-乙酰氨基己糖1-磷酸类似物库的方法，并描述了该酶的相应底物特异性。
• Enzyme‐Catalyzed Oxidation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural to Furan‐2,5‐dicarboxylic Acid
  作者：Willem P. Dijkman、Daphne E. Groothuis、Marco W. Fraaije

  DOI：10.1002/anie.201402904

  日期：2014.6.16

  Furan‐2,5‐dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is a biobased platform chemical for the production of polymers. In the past few years, numerous multistep chemical routes have been reported on the synthesis of FDCA by oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). Recently we identified an FAD‐dependent enzyme which is active towards HMF and related compounds. This oxidase has the remarkable capability of oxidizing

  呋喃-2,5-二羧酸（FDCA）是用于生产聚合物的生物基平台化学品。在过去的几年中，已经报道了通过5-羟甲基糠醛（HMF）氧化合成FDCA的许多多步化学路线。最近，我们发现了一种对FAD依赖的酶，该酶对HMF和相关化合物具有活性。这种氧化酶具有将[5-（羟甲基）呋喃-2-基]甲醇氧化为FDCA的出色能力，该反应涉及四个连续的氧化反应。氧化酶可以在环境温度和压力下以高收率从HMF生产FDCA。对基本机理的研究表明，氧化酶仅作用于醇基，并且取决于形成FDCA所需的氧化反应中醛的水合反应。