Aflatoxins are metabolized in the liver by the cytochrome P-450-dependent polysubstrate mono-oxygenase system to less toxic metabolites. The main reactions in aflatoxin metabolism are hydroxylation, oxidation, and demethylation. (A2973)
Aflatoxins produce singlet oxygen upon their exposure to UV (365-nm) light. Singlet oxygen in turn activates them to mutagens and DNA binding species. Aflatoxin metabolites can intercalate into DNA and alkylate the bases through their epoxide moiety, binding particularity to N7-guanine bases. In addition to randomly mutating DNA, this is thought to cause mutations in the p53 gene, an important gene in preventing cell cycle progression when there are DNA mutations, or signaling apoptosis. (L1877, A2859, A2972)
The main target organ in mammals is the liver so aflatoxicosis is primarily a hepatic disease. Protracted exposure to aflatoxins may cause liver damage and necrosis, cholestasis, and hepatomas. Moreover, protracted exposure to aflatoxins has been associated with hepatocellular carcinoma, acute hepatitis, Reye's syndrome, bile duct cell proliferation, periportal fibrosis, hemorrhages, mucous membrane jaundice, fatty liver changes, cirrhosis in malnourished children, and kwashiorkor. However, aflatoxins accumulate in the presence of liver disease, and the association with hepatic cancer is confounded by the occurrence of hepatitis-B. Thus, it is not clear in these various instances whether aflatoxin is a primary cause of the disease, is an innocent bystander which accumulates secondary to the disease process, or is a contributing cause in conjunction with other factors. It is also mutagenic and teratogenic. Inhaled aflatoxins may produce pulmonary adenomatosis. Aflatoxins modify the immune system by affecting antibody formation, complement, cell-mediated immunity, and phagocytosis. (A704, L1956)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
暴露途径
口服、皮肤、吸入和 parenteral（被污染的药物）。 (A3101)
Oral, dermal, inhalation, and parenteral (contaminated drugs). (A3101)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
症状
根据剂量的不同，可能会出现一系列广泛的症状，包括呕吐、腹痛、出血和肺水肿。
A broad range of symptoms can be found depending upon dosage, including, vomiting, abdominal pain, hemorrhage, and pulmonary edema. (L1879)
Ein Gemisch mit Mykotoxine bindenden Eigenschaften enthaltend eine anorganische Substanz mit großer innerer Oberfläche, z.B. Kieselgur, in Kombination mit einem kreuzvernetzten Homopolymer des N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidon.
An affinity matrix and a method for the detection of low molecular weight compositions such as aflatoxins are provided utilizing specific monoclonal IgM antibody having an affinity constant not less than about 1 x 109 liters per mole. Methods for the preparation and use of such affinity matrices are also given. The detection is rapid, accurate, reproducible, and allows for quantitative recovery of the composition of interest.
本发明提供了一种亲和基质和一种检测黄曲霉毒素等低分子量成分的方法，该方法利用了亲和力常数不小于约 1 x 109 升/摩尔的特异性单克隆 IgM 抗体，还提供了制备和使用这种亲和基质的方法。 该检测方法快速、准确、可重复，并可定量回收相关成分。
Präparat zur Wirkstoffapplikation in Kleinsttröpfchenform
申请人：Cevc, Gregor, Prof. Dr.
公开号：EP0475160A1
公开（公告）日：1992-03-18
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Präparat zur Applikation von Wirkstoffen in Form kleinster, insbesondere mit einer membranartigen Hülle aus einer oder wenigen Lagen amphiphiler Moleküle bzw. mit einer amphiphilen Trägersubstanz versehenen Flüssigkeitströpfchen, insbesondere zum Transport des Wirkstoffes in und durch natürliche Barrieren und Konstriktionen wie Häute und dergleichen. Das Präparat weist einen Gehalt einer randaktiven Substanz auf, der bis zu 99 Mol.-% des Gehaltes dieser Substanz entspricht, durch den der Solubilisierungspunkt der Tröpfchen erreicht wird. Das Präparat eignet sich zur nichtinvasiven Verabreichung von Antidiabetica, insbesondere von Insulin. Die Erfindung betrifft außerdem ein Verfahren zur Herstellung solcher Präparate.
Composition for degrading aflatoxins and other toxic substances
申请人：National Food Research Institute
公开号：EP1533003A1
公开（公告）日：2005-05-25
A technique has been developed for degrading toxic substances such as aflatoxins-related substances, without affecting on the properties of agricultural commodities, foods and feeds. The technique includes a composition for degrading toxic substances selected from aflatoxins-related substances and toxic aromatic compounds, the composition which contains a hemin and/or heme-containing substance, and a method for detoxifying agricultural commodities, foods or feeds contaminated with toxic substances selected from aflatoxins-related substances and toxic aromatic compounds, the method which comprises contacting the contaminated agricultural commodities, foods or feeds with a hemin and/or heme-containing substance.
Method for modulating the "key-lock" binding-affinity of molecules
申请人：The European Community, represented by the
European Commission
公开号：EP1621880A1
公开（公告）日：2006-02-01
The invention concerns a method for modulating the "key-lock" binding-affinity of molecules, wherein the molecules are submitted to an electrical field of between 1 kV/m and 10 MV/m and having an oscillating frequency of between 0.001 MHz and 20 GHz.
