Solanine | 51938-42-2

• 物质功能分类: 原料药 - 抗生素类药物 - 其它抗生素类药
• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 脂质和类脂质分子 - 类固醇和类固醇衍生物
• 英文名称: Solanine
• 英文别名: 2-[5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(10,14,16,20-tetramethyl-22-azahexacyclo[12.10.0.02,11.05,10.015,23.017,22]tetracos-4-en-7-yl)oxy]-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol
• CAS: 51938-42-2
• 化学式: C₄₅H₇₃NO₁₅
• 分子量: 868.1
• InChiKey: ZGVSETXHNHBTRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 物理描述：
  Solid
• 颜色/状态：
  SLENDER NEEDLES FROM 85% ALC
• 熔点：
  286°C
• 溶解度：
  READILY SOL IN HOT ALC, PRACTICALLY INSOL IN WATER (25 MG/L @ PH 6.0), ETHER, CHLOROFORM
• 旋光度：
  SPECIFIC OPTICAL ROTATION: -60 DEG @ 20 °C/D (PYRIDINE)
• 解离常数：
  PK @ 15 °C= 6.66; K= 2.2X10-7

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  1.8
• 重原子数：
  61
• 可旋转键数：
  8
• 环数：
  9.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.96
• 拓扑面积：
  241
• 氢给体数：
  9
• 氢受体数：
  16

ADMET

毒理性

• 毒性总结

糖苷生物碱可以抑制胆碱酯酶，破坏细胞膜，并且具有致畸性（导致出生缺陷）。一项研究表明，龙葵碱的毒性机制是由该化学物质与线粒体膜的相互作用引起的。实验显示，龙葵碱暴露会打开线粒体的钾通道，降低其膜电位。这反过来导致Ca2+从线粒体被运输到细胞质中，正是细胞质中Ca2+浓度的增加触发了细胞损伤和凋亡。（维基百科）

Solanum glycoalkaloids can inhibit cholinesterase, disrupt cell membranes, and be teratogenic (cause birth defects). One study suggests that the toxic mechanism of solanine is caused by the chemical's interaction with mitochondrial membranes. Experiments show that solanine exposure opens the potassium channels of mitochondria, decreasing their membrane potential. This in turn leads to Ca2+ being transported from the mitochondria into the cytoplasm, and it is this increased concentration of Ca2+ in the cytoplasm that triggers cell damage and apoptosis. (Wikipedia)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

对人类无致癌性（未列入国际癌症研究机构IARC清单）。

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 副作用

神经毒素 - 其他中枢神经系统神经毒素

Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin

来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases

毒理性

• 人类毒性摘录

低浓度的α-茄碱刺激了培养的人类成纤维细胞的生长，而较高的浓度（大于30微克/毫升）则具有明显的抑制作用。放射自显影研究表明，细胞生长的刺激是由于G1期的缩短。用高剂量α-茄碱处理的细胞的费尔根显微密度测量揭示了G2期细胞的异常积累。由于α-茄碱对细胞生长的刺激或抑制作用，它可能作为一种人类致畸原发挥作用。

LOW CONCN OF ALPHA-SOLANINE STIMULATED THE GROWTH OF CULTURED HUMAN FIBROBLASTS, WHILE HIGHER CONCN (GREATER THAN 30 MUG/ML) HAD A MARKEDLY INHIBITORY EFFECT. AUTORADIOGRAPHIC STUDIES INDICATED THAT THE STIMULATION OF CELL GROWTH WAS DUE TO A SHORTENING OF THE G1 PHASE. FEULGEN MICRODENSITOMETRY OF CELLS TREATED WITH HIGH DOSES OF ALPHA-SOLANINE REVEALED AN ABNORMAL ACCUM OF CELLS IN G2. BY VIRTUE OF EITHER ITS STIMULATORY OR ITS INHIBITORY EFFECT ON CELL GROWTH, ALPHA-SOLANINE COULD ACT AS A HUMAN TERATOGEN.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 人类毒性摘录

发芽的马铃薯摄入已经描述为致命中毒，但是马铃薯中通常的浓度（小于0.01%）没有毒性意义。

FATAL POISONING HAS BEEN DESCRIBED FROM THE INGESTION OF SPROUTING POTATOES, BUT THE USUAL CONCN IN POTATOES (LESS THAN 0.01%) HAS NO TOXIC SIGNIFICANCE.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

文献信息

• Method for the separation of triglycoalkaloids
  申请人：SOLBEC PHARMACEUTICALS LTD.

  公开号：US20040030109A1

  公开（公告）日：2004-02-12

  In accordance with the present invention there is provided a method for the separation of a triglycoalkaloid in which the triglycoside portion comprises &agr;-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2gal)-O-&bgr;-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3gal)-&bgr;-D-galactopyranose (or 6-deoxy-&agr;-L-mannopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-[&bgr;-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-&bgr;-D-galactopyranoside) (‘an rhamnose-glucose-galactose triglycoalkaloid’) from a triglycoalkaloid in which the triglycoside portion is &agr;-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2glu)-O-&agr;-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4glu)-&bgr;-D-glucopyranose (‘a rhamnose-rhamnose-glucose triglycoalkaloid’) in a mixture containing both, the method comprising the steps of: Combining the mixture with a portion of alcoholic solvent; Causing or allowing a substantial portion of the rhamnose-rhamnose-glucose triglycoalkaloid to dissolve, thereby generating an alcoholic solution substantially of the rhamnose-rhamnose-glucose triglycoalkaloid, and a solid substantially comprising the rhamnose-glucose-galactose triglycoalkaloid; and Separating the solid substantially comprising the rhamnose-glucose-galactose triglycoalkaloid from the solution substantially of the rhamnose-rhamnose-glucose triglycoalkaloid.

  根据本发明提供了一种用于分离三糖生物碱的方法，其中三糖苷部分包括α-L-鼠李糖苷-(1→2半乳糖)-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷-(1→3半乳糖)-β-D-半乳糖（或6-去氧-α-L-甘露糖苷-(1→2)-O-[β-D-葡萄糖苷-(1→3)]-β-D-半乳糖苷）（称为“鼠李糖-葡萄糖-半乳糖三糖生物碱”），从其中三糖苷部分为α-L-鼠李糖苷-(1→2葡)-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷-(1→4葡)-β-D-葡萄糖苷（称为“鼠李糖-鼠李糖-葡萄糖三糖生物碱”）的混合物中分离出来，该方法包括以下步骤：将混合物与部分醇溶剂混合；导致或允许大部分鼠李糖-鼠李糖-葡萄糖三糖生物碱溶解，从而生成基本上由鼠李糖-鼠李糖-葡萄糖三糖生物碱组成的醇溶液，以及基本上由鼠李糖-葡萄糖-半乳糖三糖生物碱组成的固体；分离基本上由鼠李糖-葡萄糖-半乳糖三糖生物碱组成的固体与基本上由鼠李糖-鼠李糖-葡萄糖三糖生物碱组成的溶液。
• [EN] METHOD FOR THE SEPARATION OF TRIGLYCOALKALOIDS<br/>[FR] PROCEDE DE SEPARATION DE TRIGLYCOALCALOÏDES
  申请人：SOLBEC PHARMACEUTICALS LTD

  公开号：WO2004002998A1

  公开（公告）日：2004-01-08

  In accordance with the present invention there is provided a method for the separation of a triglycoalkaloid in which the triglycoside portion comprises α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2gal)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3gal)-ß-D-galactopyranose (or 6-deoxy-a-L-mannopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-[ß-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-ß-D-galactopyranoside) ('an rhamnose-glucose-galactose triglycoalkaloid') from a triglycoalkaloid in which the triglycoside portion is a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2glu)-O-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4glu)-ß-D-glucopyranose ('a rhamnose-rhamnose-glucose triglycoalkaloid') in a mixture containing both, the method comprising the steps of: Combining the mixture with a portion of alcoholic solvent; Causing or allowing a substantial portion of the rhamnose-rhamnose-glucose triglycoalkaloid to dissolve, thereby generating an alcoholic solution substantially of the rhamnose-rhamnose-glucose triglycoalkaloid , and a solid substantially comprising the rhamnose-glucose-galactose triglycoalkaloid; and Separating the solid substantially comprising the rhamnose-glucose-galactose triglycoalkaloid from the solution substantially of the rhamnose-rhamnose-glucose triglycoalkaloid.

  根据本发明提供了一种用于从含有α-L-鼠李糖苷-(1→2半乳糖)-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷-(1→3半乳糖)-ß-D-半乳糖苷（或6-去氧-α-L-甘露糖苷-(1→2)-O-[ß-D-葡萄糖苷-(1→3)]-ß-D-半乳糖苷）（'一种鼠李糖-葡萄糖-半乳糖三糖生物碱'）中分离三糖生物碱的方法，其中三糖苷部分是α-L-鼠李糖苷-(1→2葡)-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷-(1→4葡)-ß-D-葡萄糖苷（'一种鼠李糖-鼠李糖-葡萄糖三糖生物碱'）的混合物，该方法包括以下步骤：将混合物与部分酒精溶剂结合；导致或允许大部分鼠李糖-鼠李糖-葡萄糖三糖生物碱溶解，从而生成基本上由鼠李糖-鼠李糖-葡萄糖三糖生物碱的酒精溶液，以及基本上由鼠李糖-葡萄糖-半乳糖三糖生物碱组成的固体；并将基本上由鼠李糖-葡萄糖-半乳糖三糖生物碱组成的固体与基本上由鼠李糖-鼠李糖-葡萄糖三糖生物碱的溶液分离。
• [EN] PIPERIDINIC DERIVATIVES, PHARMACEUTIC COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING THE SAME AND PREPARATION PROCESSES<br/>[FR] DERIVES DE PIPERIDINE, COMPOSITIONS PHARMACEUTIQUES LES CONTENANT ET PROCEDES POUR LES PREPARER
  申请人：UNIV RIO DE JANEIRO

  公开号：WO2006039767A1

  公开（公告）日：2006-04-20

  The present invention provides pharmaceutical compositions containing new molecules capable of inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, thus being useful in the treatment of pathologies associated to cholinergic transmission, such as memory related disorders, neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's Disease, Miastenia Gravis or in the treatment of intoxications induced by chemical agents of central action; the production processes of those compositions are also described here.

  本发明提供了一种药物组合物，其中包含能够抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶的新分子，因此对于治疗与胆碱能传递相关的病理状况非常有用，例如与记忆有关的疾病，神经退行性疾病如阿尔茨海默病，重症肌无力或由中枢作用的化学物质引起的中毒；本发明还描述了这些组合物的生产过程。
• PLANT WITH ALTERED CONTENT OF STEROIDAL GLYCOALKALOIDS
  申请人：YEDA RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CO. LTD.

  公开号：US20160122775A1

  公开（公告）日：2016-05-05

  The present invention relates to genetically modified plants by key genes involved in the biosynthesis of steroidal alkaloids. These plants have altered content of steroidal (glyco)alkaloids. Solanaceous crop plants with reduced content of antinutritional steroidal glycoalkaloids are provided.

  本发明涉及通过参与类固醇生物合成的关键基因进行基因改造的植物。这些植物具有改变的类固醇（糖）生物碱含量。提供了含有降低抗营养类固醇糖生物碱含量的茄科作物植物。
• Native potato protein isolates
  申请人：Coöperatie Avebe U.A.

  公开号：EP1920662A1

  公开（公告）日：2008-05-14

  The invention relates to a process for native potato protein isolation, to native potato protein isolates, to the use thereof, and to a food product comprising a native potato protein isolate. The invention provides a novel isolation process for obtaining highly pure native potato protein isolates having a glycoalkaloid concentration of less than 150 ppm.

  本发明涉及一种马铃薯原生蛋白分离工艺、马铃薯原生蛋白分离物、其用途以及含有马铃薯原生蛋白分离物的食品。 本发明提供了一种新颖的分离工艺，用于获得高纯度的原生马铃薯蛋白分离物，其糖醛酸浓度低于 150 ppm。