Herein, we report a novel protocol for visible-light-driven alkylative carboxylation of alkenes with CO2 in the absence of external photocatalyst. Under the irradiation of visible light, a variety of 4-alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines (alkyl-DHPs) serve as not only alkyl radical precursors but also photoexcited reductants probably with the potential to reduce benzyl radicals. Several styrenes and acrylates
在此,我们报告了一种在没有外部光催化剂的情况下用 CO 2对烯烃进行可见光驱动烷基化羧化的新方案。在可见光的照射下,各种 4-烷基-1,4-二氢吡啶(烷基-DHP)不仅可以作为烷基自由基的前体,而且还可以作为可能具有还原苄基自由基潜力的光激发还原剂。几种苯乙烯和丙烯酸酯适用于该反应,以良好至极好的产率得到结构多样的羧酸。这些反应具有温和的反应条件(1 个大气压的 CO 2、室温、可见光、无光催化剂和过渡金属)、良好的官能团耐受性、易扩展性以及高区域选择性和化学选择性。机理研究提供的证据表明,该反应可能涉及烷基自由基、苄基自由基和碳负离子,为 CO 2 的利用提供了一种新的策略。
Protease inhibitors
申请人:SmithKline Beecham Corporation
公开号:US20020173469A1
公开(公告)日:2002-11-21
The present invention provides compounds which inhibit proteases, including cathepsin K, pharmaceutical compositions of such compounds, and methods for treating diseases of excessive bone loss or cartilage or matrix degradation, including osteoporosis; gingival disease including gingivitis and periodontitis; arthritis, more specifically, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis; Paget's disease; hypercalcemia of malignancy; and metabolic bone disease, comprising inhibiting said bone loss or excessive cartilage or matrix degradation by administering to a patient in need thereof a compound of the present invention.