We have studied the regioselectivity of oxidative phenol coupling in lignin formation using an oxidation system that distinguishes between dimerization reactions and cross-coupling reactions. We found that the regioselectivity of coupling was different in the two reactions. For instance, in coniferyl alcohol dimerization the formation of β–5 coupling product has a slight prevalence over the formation of β–O-4 product; in cross-coupling the β–O-4 mode is favoured in a ratio of ≈10∶1. This ratio is higher than that found in isolated softwood lignins. The degree of cross-coupling was influenced only to a small extent by changes in the rates of conventional addition of coniferyl alcohol (Zulauf versus Zutropf conditions). We found that diffusion through a dialysis membrane did effectively suppress the dimerization of coniferyl alcohol. Of the different oxidants investigated, manganese triacetate in acetic acid yielded the highest proportion of cross-coupling product.
我们利用一种区分二聚反应和交叉偶联反应的氧化体系,研究了
木质素形成过程中氧化
酚偶联的区域选择性。我们发现,在这两种反应中,偶联的区域选择性是不同的。例如,在针
叶醇二聚反应中,β-5 偶联产物的形成略优于 β-O-4 产物的形成;而在交叉偶联反应中,β-O-4 模式的比例为 ≈10∶1。这一比例高于在分离的软木
木质素中发现的比例。交叉偶联的程度仅在很小程度上受到针
叶醇常规添加速率变化(祖劳夫条件与祖特洛夫条件)的影响。我们发现,通过透析膜的扩散确实有效地抑制了
松柏醇的二聚化。在所研究的不同氧化剂中,
乙酸中的
三乙酸锰产生的交叉偶联产物比例最高。