Synthesis and bactericidal activity of amino acid higher ester hydrochlorides
作者:V. E. Limanov、I. R. Svitova、T. B. Kruchenok、I. M. Tsvirova、L. A. Yaroslavskaya
DOI:10.1007/bf00773019
日期:1984.10
been described by the reaction of cesium salts of amino acids with higher alkyl halides [14]. Instead of hydrogen chloride, it was proposed to use strong cation exchangers [ii], and also chlorosulfonic acid [8] as catalysts. It was found that amino acid higher ester hydrochlorides can also be obtained by treating a suspension of an amino acid in alcohol with thionylchloride, phosphorus trichloride
目前工作的目的是在阳离子SAA中寻找有效的微毒杀菌剂。为了研究,我们选择了氨基酸的高级酯的盐酸盐。我们假设这些化合物对温血动物的毒性比其他阳离子 SAA 低,因为合成它们的原料氨基酸比用于制备烷基胺盐和相应季铵化合物的胺毒性小得多。我们已经证明这些化合物具有抗微生物活性,尤其是对于 γ 阳性微生物 [2, 4]。根据[3, 5]的数据,作为杀菌剂,最令人感兴趣的是缬氨酸、β-丙氨酸、B-氨基丁酸和赖氨酸的月桂酸酯的盐酸盐。它们的制备方法非常不完善。已经描述了通过氨基酸盐酸盐与高级醇反应合成氨基酸酯盐酸盐。结果表明,直接酯化只能得到甘氨酸高级酯盐酸盐,并提出通过氨基酸低级酯盐酸盐与高级醇的酯交换反应制备其他氨基酸的衍生物[12]。这些化合物 I 的合成方法已通过氨基酸的铯盐与高级烷基卤化物的反应进行了描述 [14]。建议使用强阳离子交换剂 [ii] 和氯磺酸 [8] 作为催化剂,而不是氯化氢
[EN] TRANSDERMAL PENETRATION ENHANCERS<br/>[FR] ACTIVATEURS DE PENETRATION TRANSDERMIQUE
申请人:UNIV KARLOVA
公开号:WO2004074235A1
公开(公告)日:2004-09-02
The invention provides compounds based on ceramide analogues of the general the general formula (I), wherein R1= H or CH2OH; R2 = C8 to C16 alkyl; R3 = C7 to C15 alkyl, cis-heptadec-8-en-1-yl, CH(R1)NHCOR4, CH=CHCOOR4 or CH(OH)CH(OH)COOR4; R4 = C7 to C16 alkyl. The compounds of the general formula (I) are used as transdermal penetration enhancers. Pharmaceutical and cosmetic compositions, containing ceramide analogues of the general formula (I) in the amount from 0.1 to 5.0 w/w percent, preferably in the amount from 0.1 to 1.0 w/w percent.
Pyrrolizidine and cyclobutane bridged double-caged fullerene derivatives
作者:Vitaliy A. Ioutsi、Vitaliy Yu. Markov、Nikita M. Belov、Marina G. Apenova、Alexey A. Goryunkov、Marina E. Maksimova、Oleg M. Nikitin、Sergey V. Kovalev、Valeriy E. Shevchenko、Tatiana V. Magdesieva、Vadim V. Negrebetsky、Lev N. Sidorov
DOI:10.1039/c2nj41138e
日期:——
Novel types of double-caged [60]fullerene derivatives containing adjacent pyrrolizidine and cyclobutane bridges have been synthesized and characterized by MALDI MS, UV/VIS, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry.
新型双笼[60]富勒烯衍生物,含有相邻的 吡咯嗪通过MALDI MS,UV / VIS,1 H和13 C NMR光谱以及循环伏安法合成了环丁烷桥,并对其进行了表征。
Synthetic ceramide analogues as skin permeation enhancers: structure–Activity relationships
The study presents new information about the structure-activity relationships of the skin permeation enhancers. A series of ceramide analogues including eight different polar head groups and six different chain lengths was synthesised. The compounds were evaluated as permeation enhancers in vitro using porcine skin. The physico-chemical parameters of the tested compounds obtained by computer modelling were used to evaluate, by multiple linear regression, the enhancement ratios (ERs) of the compounds. The regression analysis suggests that the hydrogen bonding ability of the compounds is inversely related to the ER values and that the molecular size and lipophilicity must be well balanced. In the studied enhancers having the same chain length, the enhancement activity is dependent only on their permeability coefficients. This finding confirms the Warner's hypothesis that the polar head of an enhancer is responsible for the permeation and anchoring of the molecule into the stratum corneum lipids and that it does not influence the mechanism of action. For the specific action of enhancers, that is disordering of the intercellular lipid packing, the length of the hydrophobic chain(s) and not the lipophilicity is important. Furthermore, the examination of the FTIR spectra indicated that the most active substances possess the most ordered chains. The described relationships could bring more rational approaches in designing new potent enhancers for transdermal formulations. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
SELVE, CLAUDE;HAMDOUNE, FAOUZIA, TETRAHEDRON LETT., 30,(1989) N2, C. 5755-5758