Reported is a modular one‐step three‐component synthesis of tetrahydroisoquinolines using a Catellanistrategy. This process exploits aziridines as the alkylating reagents, through palladium/norbornene cooperative catalysis, to enable a Catellani/Heck/aza‐Michael addition cascade. This mild, chemoselective, and scalable protocol has broad substrate scope (43 examples, up to 90 % yield). The most striking
Synthesis of Hexahydro-1<i>H</i>-benzo[<i>c</i>]chromen-1-amines via the Intramolecular Ring-Opening Reactions of Aziridines by π-Nucleophiles
作者:Stephen Bergmeier、Aravinda Pulipaka
DOI:10.1055/s-2008-1072561
日期:2008.5
The intramolecular cyclization of aziridines with Ï-nucleophiles can be a useful route to a number of heterocyclic and carbocyclic systems. This methodology has been applied to the synthesis of hexahydro-1H-benzo[c]chromen-1-amines, the basic skeleton of many amaryllidaceae alkaloids. The success of the aziridine cyclization is largely dependent on the N-substitution of aziridine, with activated aziridines not undergoing the cyclization reaction. Only N-H-, N-alkyl- and N-arylaziridines underwent the cyclization reaction. The ring opening of an unactivated aziridines with a Ï-nucleophile is one of the first examples of such a reaction.
A new and highly effective catalytic method for epoxide alkynylations has been developed that involves the chelation-controlled alkylation of heterosubstituted epoxides with Me3Al via pentacoordinate organoalluminum complexes by taking advantage of the exceedingly high affinity of aluminum to oxygen. For example, reaction of epoxy ether, (l-benzyloxy)-3-butene oxide (1), in toluene with PhC=CLi under the influence of catalytic Me3Al (10 mol%) proceeded smoothly at O degrees C for 5 h to furnish the alkynylation product, l-(benzyloxy)-6-phenylhex-5-yn-3-ol, in 76% yield [cf. 3% without Me3Al catalyst; 78% with stoichiometric Me3Al under similar conditions]. This represents the first catalytic procedure for the amphiphilic alkylation of epoxides. The participation of pentacoordinate Me3Al complexes of epoxy ethers of type 1 is emphasized by comparing the reactivity with the corresponding simple epoxide, 5-phenyl-l-pentene oxide, which was not susceptible to nucleophile attack of PhC=CLi with catalytic Me3A1 under similar conditions. The pentacoordinate complex formation of Me3Al with epoxy ether 1 is characterized by low-temperature C-13 and Al-27 NMR spectroscopy. This approach is also applicable to the selective alkynylation of tosyl aziridines with adjacent ether functionality, which provides a promising method for amino alcohol synthesis.
Development of a [3+3] approach to tetrahydropyridines and its application in indolizidine alkaloid synthesis
作者:Lisa C. Pattenden、Harry Adams、Stephen A. Smith、Joseph P.A. Harrity
DOI:10.1016/j.tet.2008.01.071
日期:2008.3
A stepwise [3+3] annelation sequence is described that generates tetrahydropyridines from the corresponding aziridines. The scope of this process is described and its potential for the stereoselective synthesis of indolizidines is highlighted by the synthesis of (-)-monomorine. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.