AbstractPrior to adolescence, the rates of depression are similar in girls and boys, or are slightly higher in boys. However, with the onset of puberty, the gender proportion of depression dramatically shifts to a 2:1 female to male ratio. What is the relationship between menarche and the onset of major depression in early adolescence? A recent theoretical model proposes that vulnerability to depression may be rooted in normal female hormonal maturational processes and gender socialization. Information regarding the management of depression in adolescent and young adult women is provided, including gender differences in the presentation of depressive symptoms, instruments to facilitate assessment, and treatment options. Pubertal and other hormonal changes should be monitored prospectively along with individual, genetic, constitutional, and psychological characteristics. The burden of illness associated with onset of depression following menarche reinforces the importance of expeditious recognition and intervention.
摘要 在青春期之前,女孩和男孩的抑郁症发病率相似,或者男孩略高。然而,随着青春期的到来,抑郁症的性别比例急剧转变为男女比例为 2:1。初潮与青春期早期重度抑郁症的发病之间有什么关系?最近的一个理论模型提出,易患抑郁症可能源于正常的女性荷尔蒙成熟过程和性别社会化。本文提供了有关青春期和年轻成年女性抑郁症治疗的信息,包括抑郁症状表现形式的性别差异、评估工具和治疗方案。应前瞻性地监测青春期和其他荷尔蒙变化,以及个人、遗传、体质和心理特征。月经初潮后出现的抑郁症所带来的疾病负担,更加凸显了迅速识别和干预的重要性。