Identification and optimization of piperine analogues as neuroprotective agents for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease via the activation of Nrf2/keap1 pathway
摘要:
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a slowly progressive and complex neurodegenerative disorder. Up to date, there are no approved drugs that could slow or reverse the neurodegenerative process of PD. Here, we reported the synthesis of series of piperine analogues and the evaluation of their neuroprotective effects against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced damage in the neuron-like PC12 cells. Among these analogues, 3b exhibited the most potent protection effect and its underlying mechanism was further investigated. Further results indicated that the ROS scavenging and cytoprotection effect of 3b might be related to the Nrf2 activation and upregulation of related phase II antioxidant enzymes, such as HO-1 and NQO1. In in vivo study, oral administration (100 mg/kg) of 3b significantly attenuated PD-associated behavioral deficits in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mouse model of PD and protected tyrosine hydroxylase-immunopositive dopaminergic neurons. Our results provided evidence that 3b might be a promising candidate for Parkinson's disease treatment. (C) 2020 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
A facile and convenient protocol for the synthesis of cinnamides from cinnamic acids and tetraalkylthiuram disulfides under metal and additive free conditions has been achieved. This method allows the efficient coupling of diverse cinnamic acids with tetraalkylthiuram disulfides through a simply mixing operation.
Aminocarbonylation of alkenyl iodides with CO and amines proceeded under heating to produce α,β-unsaturatedamides in good yields (23 examples, 71% average yield). This catalyst-free method exhibited good functional-group tolerance, and open a straightforward access to functionalized acrylamides, as illustrated by the synthesis of Ilepcimide. A hybrid radical/ionic mechanism involving chain electron transfer is
烯基碘与 CO 和胺的氨基羰基化在加热下进行,以良好的产率(23 个实例,71% 的平均产率)产生 α,β-不饱和酰胺。这种无催化剂的方法表现出良好的官能团耐受性,并打开了对官能化丙烯酰胺的直接访问,如 Ilepcimide 的合成所示。针对这种转变提出了一种涉及链式电子转移的混合自由基/离子机制。
SCHMIDT, R. R.;HIRSENKORN, R., TETRAHEDRON, 1983, 39, N 12, 2043-2054