Diastereoselective Synthesis of Cycloalkylamines by Samarium Diiodide-Promoted Cyclizations of α-Amino Radicals Derived from α-Benzotriazolylalkenylamines
摘要:
The condensation of omega-unsaturated aldehydes with benzotriazole and secondary amines affords alpha-benzotriazolylalkenylamines that exist in solution as mixtures of the corresponding benzotriazol-1-yl and benzotriazol-2-yl isomers resulting from their rapid dissociation into iminium cations and the benzotriazolyl anion. The reduction of these adducts with samarium diiodide (SmI2) takes place with formation of the benzotriazolyl anion and alpha-amino alkenyl radicals that undergo 5- or 6-exo-trig cyclizations leading to substituted cycloalkyl- or cycloheteroalkylamines. The presence of an electron-withdrawing substituent in the alkene subunit is required for efficient cyclizations. The formation of cyclopentylamines takes place with unusually high 1,5-cis selectivity (hex-5-enyl radical numbering), and the presence of a 2- or 4-Me substituent also imparts high 1,2- or 1,4-trans stereoinduction, respectively. The corresponding six-membered rings, however, are formed with low diastereoselectivity. Semiempirical calculations performed on model systems suggest that a stabilizing secondary orbital interaction between the amino group and the electron-deficient alkene might in part account for the enhanced cis-selectivity encountered.
One-Pot Organocatalytic Enantioselective Michael–Michael–Aldol–Henry Reaction Cascade. A Facile Entry to the Steroid System with Six Contiguous Stereogenic Centers
作者:Dai-Huei Jhuo、Bor-Cherng Hong、Chun-Wei Chang、Gene-Hsiang Lee
DOI:10.1021/ol501011t
日期:2014.5.16
An expedited method has been developed for the enantioselective synthesis of highly functionalized steroid systems containingsixcontiguousstereogenic centers with high enantioselectivities (99% ee). The one-pot methodology comprises a cascade of organocatalytic Michael–Michael–aldol–Henry reactions of 7-nitrohept-3-en-2-one and 5-(1-methyl-2,5-dioxocyclopentyl)pent-2-enal. The structure and absolute
Photochemical Reactions of 2-(Alkoxycarbonyl)-, 2-Cyano-, and 2-(Phenylthio)-cycloalkanones in Alcoholic Solution. Formation of ω-Substituted Esters
作者:Masao Tokuda、Yasuyuki Watanabe、Mitsuomi Itoh
DOI:10.1246/bcsj.51.905
日期:1978.3
underwent similar reactions to give the corresponding ω-alkoxycarbonyl esters. Photochemicalreactions of 2-cyanocyclohexanones in methanol similarly gave ω-cyano esters and ω-formyl α,β-unsaturated nitriles. However, photochemicalreactions of 2-(phenylthio)- and 2-(methylthio)cyclohexanones in methanol did not give the corresponding ω-phenylthio or ω-methylthio carboxylic acid esters, products resulting
Organocatalytic Double Michael Reaction of 7-Oxohept-2-enoates and Nitrostyrene – Formal Synthesis of (–)-α- and (–)-β-Lycorane
作者:Bor-Cherng Hong、Roshan Y. Nimje、Ming-Fun Wu、Amit A. Sadani
DOI:10.1002/ejoc.200701122
日期:2008.3
Organocatalytic conjugate addition of 7-oxohept-2-enoate to nitrostyrene provided an ω-nitro-α,β-unsaturated ester. Subsequent intramolecular cyclization afforded the highly functionalized cyclohexane carboester with four stereogenic centers with high diastereoselectivity and high enantioselectivity (>99 % ee). Some adducts were transformed into the intermediates of the synthesis of (–)-α- and (–)-β-lycorane