Photocatalytic esterification under Mitsunobu reaction conditions mediated by flavin and visible light
作者:M. März、J. Chudoba、M. Kohout、R. Cibulka
DOI:10.1039/c6ob02770a
日期:——
The usefulness of flavin-based aerial photooxidation in esterification underMitsunobu reaction conditions was demonstrated, providing aerial dialkyl azodicarboxylate recycling/generation from the corresponding dialkyl hydrazine dicarboxylate. Simultaneously, activation of triphenylphosphine (Ph3P) by photoinduced electron transfer from flavin allows azo-reagent-free esterification. An optimized system
Flavin Catalysis Employing an N(5)-Adduct: an Application in the Aerobic Organocatalytic Mitsunobu Reaction
作者:Michal März、Martin Babor、Radek Cibulka
DOI:10.1002/ejoc.201900397
日期:2019.6.2
An N(5)‐flavin adduct was utilized in a catalytic Mitsunobureaction with triphenylphosphane (triphenylphosphine), in which flavin acts as a Mitsunobu reagent instead of dialkyl azodicarboxylate. Flavin is used in a catalytic amount after regeneration by dioxygen.
Synthesis of Esters from Acyl Chlorides and Halide Under Solid-Liquid Phase Transfer Catalysis
作者:Yulai Hu、Weihua Pa、Wenfeng Cui、Jinxian Wang
DOI:10.1080/00397919208021541
日期:1992.11
Abstract A new and general method for the synthesis of esters is reported. Acyl chloride reacts with halide in the presence of sodium hydrogen carbonate and undersolid-liquidphasetransfer condition to afford the esters in good to excellent isolated yields. The effects of catalyst, sodium and solvents to the reactions have been investigated. The reaction mechanism is briefly discussed.
Introduction: The objective of this study is to evaluate significant contributing factors affecting the functional prognosis of floating knee injuries using multivariate analysis. Patients and methods: A total of 68 floating knee injuries (67 patients) were treated at Kitasato University Hospital from 1986 to 1999. Both the femoral fractures and the tibial fractures were managed surgically by various methods. The functional results of these injuries were evaluated using the grading system of Karlstrom and Olerud. Follow-up periods ranged from 2 to 19 years (mean 50.2 months) after the original injury. We defined satisfactory (S) outcomes as those cases with excellent or good results and unsatisfactory (US) outcomes as those cases with acceptable or poor results. Logistic regression analysis was used as a multivariate analysis, and the dependent variables were defined as a satisfactory outcome or as an unsatisfactory outcome. The explanatory variables were predicting factors influencing the functional outcome such as age at trauma, gender, severity of soft-tissue injury in the femur and the tibia, AO fracture grade in the femur and the tibia, Fraser type (type I or type 11), Injury Severity Score (ISS), and fixation time after injury (less than 1 week or more than 1 week) in the femur and the tibia. Results: The final functional results were as follows: 25 cases had excellent results, 15 cases good results, 16 cases acceptable results, and 12 cases poor results. The predictive logistic regression equation was as follows: Log 1-p/p = 3.12-1.52 x Fraser type - 1.65 x severity of soft-tissue injury in the tibia - 1.31 x fixation time after injury in the tibia - 0.821 x AO fracture grade in the tibia + 1.025 x fixation time after injury in the femur - 0.687 x AO fracture grade in the femur (p=0.01). Among the variables, Fraser type and the severity of soft-tissue injury in the tibia were significantly related to the final result. Conclusion: The multivariate analysis showed that both the involvement of the knee joint and the severity grade of soft-tissue injury in the tibia represented significant risk factors of poor outcome in floating knee injuries in this study.
Lyons; Reid, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1917, vol. 39, p. 1738